Characterization of Ballast Particle Movement at Mud Spot

Liu, Shushu; Huang, Hai; Qiu, Tong; Kerchof, Brad

doi:10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0002545

Cited by 35 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Positive velocities indicate crosstie moving upwards, while negative velocities indicate crosstie moving downwards. Higher magnitudes of crosstie vibration velocities are observed in the degraded ballast layer, which is consistent to the field measurements by Liu et al that crosstie on mud-fouled ballast vibrates more significantly than that on clean ballast with the same freight train loading applied ( 33 ). Note that the crosstie vibration trends observed due to one car (4-axle) pass are more identical in new ballast than those in degraded ballast.…”

Section: Simulation Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In addition to mechanical loading and performance aspects, such as the structural rigidity and contact force below crosstie, dynamic behavior trends including vibration velocity and acceleration are used for track evaluation. Excessive vibrations usually indicate undesired track conditions such as the effects of a hanging crosstie, ballast non-uniform support conditions, or ballast fouling ( 16, 31–35 ). Investigating crosstie vibration velocity can bring insights on the implications of ballast degradation to track performance.…”

Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Ballast Degradation on Track Dynamic Behavior Using Discrete Element Modeling

Liu

Feng

Tutumluer

2022

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Ballast degradation refers to the traffic use of in-service track when aggregate particles become smaller in size and fines are generated because of particle breakage and abrasion to cause geometry defects and influence the serviceability of ballasted track affecting train operations. To evaluate effects of ballast degradation on track substructure maintenance needs, single crosstie models were developed to simulate new and degraded ballast behavior under train loading. Particle size distributions and shape properties of the new and degraded ballast materials studied were adopted from previous laboratory tests conducted at the University of Illinois, U.S. Crosstie vibrations, ballast particle contact force distributions and particle rotations, and localized contact force chain networks were compared among different single crosstie models incorporating new and degraded ballast. The following key observations were made based on the simulation results: (1) crosstie on degraded ballast exhibits larger vibrations and more inconsistent vibration patterns; (2) degraded ballast shows a higher number of localized force chains with more particle contacts while the characteristic trend observed for new ballast is the presence of more symmetric force chain networks, which might be attributed to the new ballast layer’s uniform gradation and good interlock; (3) average normal contact forces are distributed more uniformly in new ballast in both horizontal and vertical directions as opposed to these forces concentrated more in vertical direction in degraded ballast; and (4) more ballast particles experience large rotations in degraded ballast and the related impact zone, which encloses all particles with large rotations, is also broader and deeper.

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Section: Simulation Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Simulation Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Ballast Degradation on Track Dynamic Behavior Using Discrete Element Modeling

Liu

Feng

Tutumluer

2022

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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“…found that when the fouling index exceeds 30%, the drainage capacity of the track can be insufficient considering a significant rainfall event (>67.5 mm/hour). Ballast particle movement at mud pumping locations can be considered to identify the problematic railway tracks (Liu et al 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of geosynthetics in reducing the fluidisation potential of soft subgrade under cyclic loading

Arivalagan

Rujikiatkamjorn

Indraratna

et al. 2021

Geotextiles and Geomembranes

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“…Li et al [26] tracked the movements of coarse aggregates during the compaction by capturing marked aggregates (i.e., 19.0 mm particles inlaid with iron wire and 13.2 mm particles coated with iron powder) from CT scanning. Huang et al [27] developed a new type of smart particulate sensor ("SmartRock"); tracked ballast particle movement under clean site and mud spot site; and reported that ballast particle movement is affected by many factors including ballast condition, train speed, and wheel load. Liu et al [28] and Wang et al [29] measured the translational and rotational movements of particles during the compaction process of asphalt mixture, where a smart sensor or wireless device was used to simulate the mineral aggregate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Gyratory Compaction Characteristics of Unbound Permeable Aggregate Base Materials from Meso-Scale Particle Movement Measured by Smart Sensing Technology

Xiao

Wang

et al. 2021

Materials

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The quality of compaction of unbound aggregate materials with permeable gradation plays a vital role in their field performance; however, there are currently few unanimously accepted techniques or quality control criteria available for ensuring adequate compaction of such materials in either laboratory or field applications. This paper presented testing results of a laboratory gyratory compaction study where the combinations of gyratory parameters were properly designed using the orthogonal array theory. Innovative real-time particle motion sensors were employed to record particle movement characteristics during the compaction process and provide a meso-scale explanation about compaction mechanisms. Particle abrasion and breakage were also quantified from particle shape digitized from the three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner before and after compaction. The optimal combination of gyratory parameters that yields the best compaction performance was determined from the orthogonal testing results with the relative importance of major influencing parameters ranked accordingly. Meso-scale particle movement at the upper center and center side positions of the specimen are promising indicators of compaction quality. The gyratory compaction process can be consistently divided into three distinct stages according to both macro-scale performance indicators and meso-scale particle movement characteristics. A statistically significant bi-linear relationship was found to exist between relative breakage index and maximum abrasion depth, whereas the quality of compaction and the extent of particle breakage appear to be positively correlated, thus necessitating the cost-effective balance between them. The results of this study could provide technical insights and guidance to field compaction of unbound permeable aggregates.

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Characterization of Ballast Particle Movement at Mud Spot

Cited by 35 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of Ballast Degradation on Track Dynamic Behavior Using Discrete Element Modeling

Effect of Ballast Degradation on Track Dynamic Behavior Using Discrete Element Modeling

The role of geosynthetics in reducing the fluidisation potential of soft subgrade under cyclic loading

Evaluating Gyratory Compaction Characteristics of Unbound Permeable Aggregate Base Materials from Meso-Scale Particle Movement Measured by Smart Sensing Technology

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