Characterization of bis-(phenoxy)phosphazene Polymers Using Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Groenewold, Gary S.; Cowan, Robert L.; Ingram, Jani C.; Appelhans, Anthony D.; Delmore, J.E.; Olson, John E.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9918(199611)24:12<794::aid-sia185>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Third, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) was performed. This technique is extremely sensitive, and has been successfully applied to the analysis of phosphazene polymers 13. The spectra that were produced were consistent with that expected for the MEEP polymer, with absolutely no peaks detected at either mass 35 or mass 37.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Improved method for the isolation and purification of water-soluble polyphosphazenes

Harrup¹,

Stewart²

2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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We report in this article an improved procedure to isolate and purify representative water‐soluble polyphosphazenes that dramatically reduces the time and equipment involved, while maintaining or exceeding the yields and purity reported in the literature for these polymers obtained using dialysis methods. This technique takes advantage of the phase transition behavior exhibited by some hydrophilic polymers, namely that associated with the lower critical solubility temperature (LCST). The polymers used in this study were poly[bis‐(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)phosphazene], MEEP (1), and two new water‐soluble polymers. These polymers are similar to MEEP, yet they contain a small percentage of a crosslinkable pendant group; either 2‐hydroxyethyl allyl ether (2), or o‐allyl phenol (3). The observed behavior was quite different for these two polymers than that found for MEEP, and is a direct consequence of the pendant group substitution patterns. Although the homopolymer MEEP yielded a single sharp LCST point, the two heteropolymers exhibited this phase transition over a broader temperature range. Further, fractionation of polymer 3, based on pendant group speciation, was possible due to the more hydrophobic nature of the phenol. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1092–1099, 2000

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Improved method for the isolation and purification of water-soluble polyphosphazenes

Harrup¹,

Stewart²

2000

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…In this respect, Groenewold et al (1996) reported a remarkable observation. A phosphazene polymer sample was bombarded with a high dose of 1X6 Â 10 13 ReO À 4 primary ions of 10 keV, exposed to air and reintroduced for analysis.…”

Section: In¯uence Of Ion Dose and Damage Cross Sectionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Using the polymer ion formation model of Section IV.D, it is readily conceivable that fragments coming from the near impact high energy zone have a different s than ions from the low energy peripheral region. Groenewold et al (1996) observed that phosphazene polymer signals under ReO À 4 primary ion bombardment did not decay according to a ®rst-order ablation process but that a second decay mechanism with different rate must be involved. Secondary ions from the organic pendant groups decayed two to four times faster than the ions from the polymer backbone.…”

Section: In¯uence Of Ion Dose and Damage Cross Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The group at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory used SF À 6 and ReO À 4 bombardment on a regular basis in quadrupole and ion trap instruments for various applications (Appelhans & Delmore, 1989;Groenewold et al, 1996;1997;Appelhans et al, 1997). The rather uncommon ReO À 4 primary ions have several advantages over SF À 6 : the production is easier without a gas load and the projectile is heavier carrying two more electrons than, e.g., Cs to the surface to maintain charge neutrality on insulating surfaces.…”

Section: Elemental Analysis and Inorganic Speciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Static secondary ion mass spectrometry (S-SIMS) Part 1: methodology and structural interpretation

Vaeck

Adriaens

Gijbels

1999

Mass Spectrom. Rev.

184

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“…In the past, a number of analytical methods have been employed to characterize the surface of membranes, see Xu et al 11 for an overview. The list of suitable methods includes confocal LSM, 12,13 scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 14,15 atomic force microscopy (AFM), 16,17 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), 18,19 mass spectrometry (MS), 20,21 and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. 22,23 Attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy is another powerful and versatile technique for the characterization of membrane surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irreversible Damage of Polymer Membranes During Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Analysis

et al. 2016

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Analyzing polymer membranes by attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) can lead to irreversible damage to the material and induces systematic errors in the data. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy is a common tool for analyzing the surface of polymer membranes. In order to provide sufficient contact between the membrane and the internal reflection element (i.e., the ATR crystal), pressure is applied via a metal stamp. This procedure, however, can lead to mechanical damage. In this work, we study this damage using the example of a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane for water filtration and we show how the damage can be avoided. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, laser-scanning microscopy (LSM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are employed to understand the mechanically-induced phenomena at the molecular and macroscopic scales. The data reveal that the mechanical impact does not only result in a compressed membrane structure with smaller pores, but it also leads to deformations at the molecular level. Moreover, in light of the mechanical damage, a detailed analysis of the PES IR spectrum indicates that several previous vibrational assignments of peaks may be incorrect and that many published results may be biased and should be revisited.

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Characterization of bis-(phenoxy)phosphazene Polymers Using Static Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Improved method for the isolation and purification of water-soluble polyphosphazenes

Improved method for the isolation and purification of water-soluble polyphosphazenes

Static secondary ion mass spectrometry (S-SIMS) Part 1: methodology and structural interpretation

Irreversible Damage of Polymer Membranes During Attenuated Total Reflection Infrared Analysis

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