Characterization of black and white chromium electrodeposition films: surface and optical properties

Aguilar, María de Jesús Soria; Barrera, Enrique; Palomar-Pardavé, M.; Huerta, L.; Mühl, S.

doi:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.08.008

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…XPS has thrown some light towards characterizing this type of films [29,32,39,40], showing either a pure Cr 2 O 3 phase [29,39], a mixture of Cr 2 O 3 and Cr(OH) 3 [40], or a much more complex matrix of different Cr(III) oxyhydroxides [32]. The XPS investigation made in the present work (Fig.…”

Section: Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…2a), while EDX analyses revealed that Cr and O are present in a ratio close to 1:3 as expected, and that the signal of the Ti substrate accounts for 15 at% of the total atomic composition ( Table 2). By contrast, the Cr 2 O 3 film presents plate-shaped crystals less than [29] Cr(OH) 3 Cr…”

Section: Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Cr(OH) 3 and Cr 2 O 3 were electrodeposited from two different Cr(VI) solutions as previously described by Aguilar et al [29] (Merck). The deposition potential was maintained at − 1.60 V (vs Ag/AgCl) during a period of 30 min using a PGSTAT12 Potentiostat (Autolab).…”

Section: Experimental Electrode Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that the electrodeposition of so-called black chromium yields amorphous Cr(III) oxide films/deposits [29,32,39], whose actual composition is difficult to determine [32]. XPS has thrown some light towards characterizing this type of films [29,32,39,40], showing either a pure Cr 2 O 3 phase [29,39], a mixture of Cr 2 O 3 and Cr(OH) 3 [40], or a much more complex matrix of different Cr(III) oxyhydroxides [32].…”

Section: Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Investigation of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Electrodeposited Films of Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3 in Mild Alkaline Solutions

et al. 2017

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The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from water reduction is the main cathodic reaction in the sodium chlorate process. The reaction typically takes place on electrodes covered with a Cr(III) oxide-like film formed in situ by reduction of sodium dichromate in order to avoid reduction of hypochlorite and thereby increase the selectivity for the HER. However, the chemical structure of the Cr(III) oxide-like film is still under debate. In the present work, the kinetics of the HER were studied using titanium electrodes covered with electrodeposited Cr(OH) 3 or Cr 2 O 3 , which were characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energydispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. A clear difference in the morphology of the deposited surfaces was obtained, and the structure could be revealed with Raman spectroscopy. The kinetics for the HER were investigated using potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques. The results show that the first electron transfer is rate limiting and that the activity decreases in the order Cr 2 O 3 @Ti > bare Ti > Cr(OH) 3 @Ti. The low activity obtained for Cr(OH) 3 @Ti is discussed in terms of the involvement of structural water in the HER and the slow ligand exchange rate for water in Cr(III) complexes, while the high activity obtained for Cr 2 O 3 @Ti is rationalized by a surface area effect in combination with reduction of surface water and water in solution.

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Section: Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Experimental Electrode Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Surface Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Electrochemical Investigation of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Electrodeposited Films of Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3 in Mild Alkaline Solutions

et al. 2017

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“…The growing energy demand through out the world has attached great important to the study of renewable source [1]. The cost and effective utilization of solar energy and conversion of that into thermal energy requires an efficient solar coating as having high solar absorptance (>0.9) in the visible region and very low thermal emittance (<0.1) in the infrared to minimize the radiation heat loss [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Black Chrome Films Prepared by Electroplating Technique

Jafari

Rozati

2011

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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Abstract:The surface and optical properties of black chrome films prepared by two different electrochemical baths were characterized. The black chrome films have been deposited on bright nickel substrates by electroplating technique. The surface morphology and phase structure of the films were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The chemical composition of prepared films was determined by energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS). The spectral reflectance was also measured in the UV-Vis-NIR and IR regions. From the SEM analysis, it was found that prepared films by the first chemical bath is denser with nano size grains and by the second chemical bath they become porous, with micro sized grains. The XRD results show that in both cases chrome is the main chemical component in the films. The films prepared by second chemical bath have better optical properties than the films prepared by first chemical bath.

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A micro‐Raman spectroscopic study of Cr(OH)₃ and Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles obtained by the hydrothermal method

Gomes

Yaghini

Martinelli

et al. 2017

J Raman Spectroscopy

107

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Cr2O3 nanoparticles, widely used in the industry, can be obtained by calcination of the nanoparticles synthesized via the hydrothermal method. The chemical nature and the morphology of as‐prepared and calcined nanoparticles are investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Our results indicate that the as‐prepared nanoparticles mainly consist of amorphous and hydrated Cr(OH)3, with only minor amounts of Cr2O3. By contrast, and as already known before, calcined nanoparticles consist of Cr2O3. We also demonstrate the effect of inappropriately chosen experimental conditions, because the use of laser intensities above 0.7 mW during the Raman experiments causes a local heating and thus induces the transformation of Cr(OH)3 into Cr2O3. The correlation between the laser power and a local heating is further corroborated by thermogravimetric analyses, which show that upon increased temperature, Cr(OH)3 first dehydrates and then partially condensates to the intermediate CrO(OH) form, to finally attain the crystalline form of Cr2O3 at about 409 °C. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Characterization of black and white chromium electrodeposition films: surface and optical properties

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

Electrochemical Investigation of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Electrodeposited Films of Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3 in Mild Alkaline Solutions

Electrochemical Investigation of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Electrodeposited Films of Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3 in Mild Alkaline Solutions

Characterization of Black Chrome Films Prepared by Electroplating Technique

A micro‐Raman spectroscopic study of Cr(OH)₃ and Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles obtained by the hydrothermal method

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Characterization of black and white chromium electrodeposition films: surface and optical properties

Cited by 35 publications

References 6 publications

Electrochemical Investigation of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Electrodeposited Films of Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3 in Mild Alkaline Solutions

Electrochemical Investigation of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Electrodeposited Films of Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3 in Mild Alkaline Solutions

Characterization of Black Chrome Films Prepared by Electroplating Technique

A micro‐Raman spectroscopic study of Cr(OH)3 and Cr2O3 nanoparticles obtained by the hydrothermal method

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Product

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A micro‐Raman spectroscopic study of Cr(OH)₃ and Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles obtained by the hydrothermal method