Characterization of black carbon‐containing particles from soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer measurements on the R/V <i>Atlantis</i> during CalNex 2010

Massoli, P.; Onasch, T. B.; Cappa, Christopher D.; Nuamaan, Ibraheem; Hakala, J.; Hayden, K. L.; Li, Shao-Meng; Sueper, D.; Bates, T. S.; Quinn, Patricia K.; Jayne, John T.; Worsnop, Douglas R.

doi:10.1002/2014jd022834

Cited by 57 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…These findings have important implications for obtaining quantitative mass measurements and can help to better inform the analysis and interpretation of SP-AMS measurements of the emissions and aging of BBA Dallmann et al, 2014;Fortner et al, 2012;Lee et al, 2016;Massoli et al, 2015). We would like to add, however, that although changes in d va may result in varying E IR , SP-AMS measurements of rBC have been shown to correlate with reference measurements Willis et al, 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of secondary organic aerosol coating thickness on the real-time detection and characterization of biomass-burning soot by two particle mass spectrometers

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Biomass burning is a large source of lightabsorbing refractory black carbon (rBC) particles with a wide range of morphologies and sizes. The net radiative forcing from these particles is strongly dependent on the amount and composition of non-light-absorbing material internally mixed with the rBC and on the morphology of the mixed particles. Understanding how the mixing state and morphology of biomass-burning aerosol evolves in the atmosphere is critical for constraining the influence of these particles on radiative forcing and climate. We investigated the response of two commercial laser-based particle mass spectrometers, the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) ablation LAAPTOF and the IR vaporization SP-AMS, to monodisperse biomass-burning particles as we sequentially coated the particles with secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from α-pinene ozonolysis. We studied three mobility-selected soot core sizes, each with a number of successively thicker coatings of SOA applied. Using IR laser vaporization, the SP-AMS had different changes in sensitivity to rBC compared to potassium as a function of applied SOA coatings. We show that this is due to different effective beam widths for the IR laser vaporization region of potassium versus black carbon. The SP-AMS's sensitivity to black carbon (BC) mass was not observed to plateau following successive SOA coatings, despite achieving high OA : BC mass ratios greater than 9. We also measured the ion fragmentation pattern of biomass-burning rBC and found it changed only slightly with increasing SOA mass. The average organic matter ion signal measured by the LAAPTOF demonstrated a positive correlation with the condensed SOA mass on individual particles, despite the inhomogeneity of the particle core compositions. This demonstrates that the LAAPTOF can obtain quantitative mass measurements of aged sootparticle composition from realistic biomass-burning particles with complex morphologies and composition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of secondary organic aerosol coating thickness on the real-time detection and characterization of biomass-burning soot by two particle mass spectrometers

et al. 2016

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“…The average ratio drops to about 1.05 if the three major oxygenated organic fragments, including CO + , CO + 2 , and C 2 H 3 O + , are also excluded in the calculation. Using the same measurement approach and R BC -dependent CE, Massoli et al (2012Massoli et al ( , 2015 reported that 81 and 87 % of HOA was associated with rBC particles near vehicular emissions and in a polluted offshore environment.…”

Section: Comparisons Of Nr-pm Rbc and Nr-pm Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Real-time and mass-based chemical compositions of organic coatings on ambient BC particles were seldom reported until the recent development of an Aerodyne soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS; Cappa et al, 2012;Massoli et al, 2012Massoli et al, , 2015Onasch et al, 2012;Liu et al, 2015;Lee et al, 2016;Willis et al, 2016). In this study, we investigate formation of organic coatings on BC particles by deploying a SP-AMS in Fontana, California, which is located in the broader South Coast Air Basin and includes the greater Los Angeles area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of secondary organic aerosol coating on black carbon particles near vehicular emissions

Lee

Chen

et al. 2017

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) emitted from incomplete combustion can result in significant impacts on air quality and climate. Understanding the mixing state of ambient BC and the chemical characteristics of its associated coatings is particularly important to evaluate BC fate and environmental impacts. In this study, we investigate the formation of organic coatings on BC particles in an urban environment (Fontana, California) under hot and dry conditions using a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SP-AMS). The SP-AMS was operated in a configuration that can exclusively detect refractory BC (rBC) particles and their coatings. Using the −log(NO x / NO y ) ratio as a proxy for photochemical age of air masses, substantial formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) coatings on rBC particles was observed due to active photochemistry in the afternoon, whereas primary organic aerosol (POA) components were strongly associated with rBC from fresh vehicular emissions in the morning rush hours. There is also evidence that cooking-related organic aerosols were externally mixed from rBC. Positive matrix factorization and elemental analysis illustrate that most of the observed SOA coatings were freshly formed, providing an opportunity to examine SOA coating formation on rBCs near vehicular emissions. Approximately 7-20 wt % of secondary organic and inorganic species were estimated to be internally mixed with rBC on average, implying that rBC is unlikely the major condensation sink of SOA in this study. Comparison of our results to a co-located standard high-resolution time-offlight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) measurement suggests that at least a portion of SOA materials condensed on rBC surfaces were chemically different from oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) particles that were externally mixed with rBC, although they could both be generated from local photochemistry.

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“…However, the debate on the absorption enhancement capacity of rBC-containing particles is still ongoing, because discrepancies exist between observations and theoretical predictions based on Mie scattering models (Shiraiwa et al, 2010;Cappa et al, 2012) and among observation results from different locations and using different sources (Healy et al, 2015;S. Liu et al, 2015;Massoli et al, 2015;Ueda et al, 2016). The widely accepted explanations are as follows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission characteristics of refractory black carbon aerosols from fresh biomass burning: a perspective from laboratory experiments

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The emission characteristics of refractory black carbon (rBC) from biomass burning are essential information for numerical simulations of regional pollution and climate effects. We conducted combustion experiments in the laboratory to investigate the emission ratio and mixing state of rBC from the burning of wheat straw and rapeseed plants, which are the main crops cultivated in the Yangtze River Delta region of China. A single particle soot photometer (SP2) was used to measure rBC-containing particles at high temporal resolution and with high accuracy. The combustion state of each burning case was indicated by the modified combustion efficiency (MCE), which is calculated using the integrated enhancement of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide concentrations relative to their background values. The mass size distribution of the rBC particles showed a lognormal shape with a mode mass equivalent diameter (MED) of 189 nm (ranging from 152 to 215 nm), assuming an rBC density of 1.8 g cm −3 . rBC particles less than 80 nm in size (the lower detection limit of the SP2) accounted for ∼ 5 % of the total rBC mass, on average. The emission ratios, which are expressed as rBC / CO ( indicates the difference between the observed and background values), displayed a significant positive correlation with the MCE values and varied between 1.8 and 34 ng m −3 ppbv −1 . Multi-peak fitting analysis of the delay time ( t, or the time of occurrence of the scattering peak minus that of the incandescence peak) distribution showed that rBC-containing particles with rBC MED = 200 ± 10 nm displayed two peaks at t = 1.7 µs and t = 3.2 µs, which could be attributed to the contributions from both flaming and smoldering combustion in each burning case. Both the t values and the shell / core ratios of the rBC-containing particles clearly increased as the MCE decreased from 0.98 (smoldering-dominant combustion) to 0.86 (flaming-dominant combustion), implying the great importance of the rapid condensation of semi-volatile organics. This laboratory study found that the mixing state of rBC particles from biomass burning strongly depends on its combustion processes, and overall MCE should be taken carefully into consideration while the climate effect of rBC particles from open biomass burning is simulated.

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Characterization of black carbon‐containing particles from soot particle aerosol mass spectrometer measurements on the R/V Atlantis during CalNex 2010

Cited by 57 publications

References 72 publications

Effect of secondary organic aerosol coating thickness on the real-time detection and characterization of biomass-burning soot by two particle mass spectrometers

Effect of secondary organic aerosol coating thickness on the real-time detection and characterization of biomass-burning soot by two particle mass spectrometers

Formation of secondary organic aerosol coating on black carbon particles near vehicular emissions

Emission characteristics of refractory black carbon aerosols from fresh biomass burning: a perspective from laboratory experiments

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