Characterization of bread dough: Rheological properties and microstructure

The Impact of Water Content and Mixing Time on the Linear and Non-Linear Rheology of Wheat Flour Dough

“…This 'free' water phase serves as the medium for the chemical reactions occurring during dough development and fermentation. Moreover, this liquid phase is also likely to be the medium in which the air bubbles are trapped during mixing, and subsequently expand during fermentation [4,5,6]. For the water fractions commonly used in dough preparation (0.38 -0.44, Ablett et al [7]), both 'bound' and 'free' water are likely to be present in the dough system.…”

Formulation effect study on batter and cake microstructure: Correlation with rheology and texture

“…Schirmer, Jekle, Arendt, and Becker (2012) showed that replacing sucrose with polydextrose substitute in pound cake gave similar quality characteristics regarding batter structural changes, crumb grain characterization and cake texture. Upadhyay, Ghosal, Ghosal, and Mehra (2012) correlated the viscoelastic properties of batter with the microstructure. They found an inverse relation between bubble size and storage modulus in bread dough.…”

“…Understanding the microstructure in relation to macroscopic properties would enable the improvement of existing products and an effective design of new ones (Blonk, Don, Van Aalst, & Birmingham, 1993). Microscopic methods such as scanning electron microscopy (Sanchez-Pardo et al, 2008;Turabi, Sumnu, & Sahin, 2010), light microscopy (Sanchez-Pardo et al, 2008;Sowmya, Jeyarani, Jyotsna, & Indrani, 2009) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) (Beck, Jekle, Selmair, Koehler, & Becker, 2011;Bousquieres, Deligny, Riaublanc, & Lucas, 2014;Jekle & Becker, 2011a, 2011b, Schirmer, Jekle, & Becker, 2011, Upadhyay et al, 2012 were often used with image processing for this purpose.…”

Continuous monitoring of bread dough fermentation using a 3D vision Structured Light technique

“…Different techniques and methods based on multiple principles have been used to acquire and analyse images obtained during the process. Some examples are: Confocal laser scanning microscopy (Jekle et al, 2011, Upadhyay et al 2012, magnetic resonance (Franci & Serša., 2011) and methods based on 2D (Pour-Damanab et al, 2011). The structured-light method is another imaging technique.…”