Characterization of calcium oxide catalysts from natural sources and their application in the transesterification of sunflower oil

Correia, Leandro Marques; Saboya, Rosana Maria Alves; Campelo, Natália de Sousa; Cecilia, Juan Antonio; Rodríguez‐Castellón, Enrique; Cavalcante, Célio L.; Vieira, Rodrigo Silveira

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.046

Cited by 188 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…One can note among them, alkaline earth metal oxides (BaO, CaO, MgO) and SrO [8]. Listed in literature and used in transesterification, catalysts based calcium and magnesium oxides provided many advantages for instance; they could be prepared with high purity, possess great activity due to their higher basicity, have long catalyst lifetime, could run under moderate reaction conditions, and are capable of producing high biodiesel yield [4] [5] [9]. When CaO and MgO are doped with other oxides, this enhances their catalytic performance.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In addition, both calcium and magnesium are earth metals that could be found in nature [4] [34] [35] [36]. Between potential environmentally friendly resources, dolomite, calcite, hydrotalcite, and hydrocalumite composed essentially of CaCO 3 or with MgCO 3 are used.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Between potential environmentally friendly resources, dolomite, calcite, hydrotalcite, and hydrocalumite composed essentially of CaCO 3 or with MgCO 3 are used. Bentonite is also natural clay with various proportions of elements: Ca, Na, Al, K, Fe, Mg. Hydrotalcite or magnesium slag, as wastes is calcinated to give Mg-Al and Mg-Ca oxides [4].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Some are recently prepared from eggshells [4] [37], mud clam shell [38], shells of crab [4] [39], snails shells [40], capiz [41], Cyrtopleura costata seashells [42], and mussel shells [43]. After transesterification reaction in biodiesel production, the contaminants of the used catalysts are acyl ester, alcohol, water, free fatty acid, glycerol and soap [44] [45].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Oueda¹,

Bonzi-Coulibaly²,

Ouédraogo³

2017

MSA

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The activity of a catalyst in transestrification reaction usually declines with repeated uses and this limits the possibility to use it many times. This paper presents a review of various techniques used to evaluate the activity changes, the recycling processes for calcium and magnesium oxides based heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. The activity of calcium and magnesium oxides based catalysts declines due to leaching, surface or active sites poisoning by reactant or product molecules and modification of physical aspects. Physico-chemical methods (AAS, BET, CO 2 -TPD, EDS, FTIR, ICP-AES, SEM, TG/DTA and XRD) were used to check the catalyst modification and to confirm the deactivation. When separated from the reaction mixture by filtration, the catalyst could be reused without any treatment or recycled by washing, drying or/and recalcination. Between various recycling processes for calcium and magnesium oxides based catalysts, mixed oxides showed less leaching and performed FAME or FAEE yield >90% with reusability.

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Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Oueda¹,

Bonzi-Coulibaly²,

Ouédraogo³

2017

MSA

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“…Hence, further development of heterogeneous catalysts must focus on enhancing, not only catalytic performance but also the reusability [9]. A large variety of heterogeneous catalysts have been investigated [10]. Among them, CaO has been received much interest since relatively cheap, it's mild reaction condition and less impact on environment [11].…”

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confidence: 99%

Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil using Calcium Loaded on Deoiled Spent Bleaching Clay as A Solid Base Catalyst

Abidin

Maniam

Hasbi

2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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Waste cooking oil has a high potential as a raw material in biodiesel production due to its abundant availability and cheapest among other feedstock. Hence transesterification reaction is carried out using waste cooking oil in this research. The objective of this study is to synthesize and characterize the catalyst. On the other hand, deoiled spent bleaching clay impregnated with 40% CaO utilized as a catalyst. Optimization was carried out on methanol to oil molar ratio (6:1-24:1), catalyst loading (3-10 wt.%) and reaction duration (2-10 h). The catalyst of deoiled spent bleaching clay doped with 40% CaO was prepared by wet impregnation method and calcined at 500 °C for 4 hours. The catalyst shows high activity under optimum condition of 5 hours of reaction time, 12:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio with 7 wt.% of catalyst. The transesterification yields 84.7% methyl ester. Therefore, this catalyst has potential to be used in the transesterification of waste cooking oil in producing biodiesel due to its high activity. Copyright

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Calcium‐Based Nanocatalysts in Biodiesel Production

Pandit

Mohapatra

2021

Nano‐ and Biocatalysts for Biodiesel Production

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Characterization of calcium oxide catalysts from natural sources and their application in the transesterification of sunflower oil

Cited by 188 publications

References 31 publications

Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Deactivation Processes, Regeneration Conditions and Reusability Performance of CaO or MgO Based Catalysts Used for Biodiesel Production—A Review

Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil using Calcium Loaded on Deoiled Spent Bleaching Clay as A Solid Base Catalyst

Calcium‐Based Nanocatalysts in Biodiesel Production

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