Characterization of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) Resistance in Virus-Resistant Ecotypes of<i>Arabidopsis</i>

Callaway, Anton S.; Liu, W; Andrianov, V. M.; Stenzler, Laura M.; Zhao, Jianfei; Wettlaufer, S; Jayakumar, Prerana; Howell, Stephen H.

doi:10.1094/mpmi-9-0810

Cited by 64 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…The Col-0 ecotype (RTM1) is fully susceptible to a range of other viruses, such as turnip crinkle virus, turnip mosaic virus, and cauliflower mosaic virus (5,32,33). Does the RTM1 gene confer TEV specificity, or does RTM1 participate in a complex or pathway in which specificity is determined by another component?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although dominant R genemediated resistance responses typically include activation of defensive genes, the molecular bases whereby viruses are suppressed by these reactions are still not clear. Equally unclear is how several other types of genetically controlled virus resistance mechanisms, including those mediated by recessive genes, operate to restrict viruses (5)(6)(7). On the other hand, mechanisms of posttranscriptional gene silencing-like responses to virus infection are becoming clear.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cloning of the Arabidopsis RTM1 gene, which controls restriction of long-distance movement of tobacco etch virus

Chisholm

Mahajan

Whitham

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

191

102

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The locus RTM1 is necessary for restriction of long-distance movement of tobacco etch virus in Arabidopsis thaliana without causing a hypersensitive response or inducing systemic acquired resistance. The RTM1 gene was isolated by map-based cloning. The deduced gene product is similar to the ␣-chain of the Artocarpus integrifolia lectin, jacalin, and to several proteins that contain multiple repeats of a jacalin-like sequence. These proteins comprise a family with members containing modular organizations of one or more jacalin repeat units and are implicated in defense against viruses, fungi, and insects.resistance

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning of the Arabidopsis RTM1 gene, which controls restriction of long-distance movement of tobacco etch virus

Chisholm

Mahajan

Whitham

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

191

102

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“…T-DNA vectors were electroporated into an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain (UIA143/pMP90) described by Callaway et al (1996). To examine the effect of the Rb7 MAR on GFP expression in stable transformants, NT-1 cells from tobacco suspension cultures were maintained and transformed as described by An (1985) and Allen et al (1993).…”

Section: Plant Cell Transformation and Propagationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rb7 Matrix Attachment Region Increases the Likelihood and Magnitude of Transgene Expression in Tobacco Cells: A Flow Cytometric Study

2005

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Many studies in both plant and animal systems have shown that matrix attachment regions (MARs) can increase expression of transgenes in whole organisms or cells in culture. Because histochemical assays often indicate variegated transgene expression, a question arises: Do MARs increase transgene expression by increasing the percentage of cells expressing the transgene (likelihood), by increasing the level of expression in expressing cells (magnitude), or both? To address this question, we used flow cytometry to measure green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in individual tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cells from lines transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. We conclude that MAR-mediated overall increases in transgene expression involve both likelihood and magnitude. On average, cell lines transformed with the Rb7 MAR-containing vector expressed GFP at levels 2.0- to 3.7-fold higher than controls. MAR lines had fewer nonexpressing cells than control lines (10% versus 45%), and the magnitude of GFP expression in expressing cells was greater in MAR lines by 1.9- to 2.9-fold. We also show that flow cytometry measurements on cells from isogenic lines are consistent with those from populations of independently transformed cell lines. By obviating the need to establish isogenic lines, this use of flow cytometry could greatly simplify the evaluation of MARs or other sequence elements that affect transgene expression

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Passive resistance has been suggested to occur in cases in which the plant lacks one or more factors required for virus replication or movement. Several types of resistance conferred by recessive genes may be in this class (Callaway et al, 1996;Schaad and Carrington, 1996;Nicolas et al, 1997), although specific genes responsible for such resistance have not been isolated.Resistance of Arabidopsis to tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) does not fall into any of the known categories of resistance response. Resistance in Arabidopsis ecotypes such as Columbia-0 (Col-0) or Wassilewskija-2 (Ws-2) results from blockage of long-distance movement.…”

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confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis RTM2 Gene Is Necessary for Specific Restriction of Tobacco Etch Virus and Encodes an Unusual Small Heat Shock-Like Protein

Whitham¹,

Anderberg²,

Chisholm³

et al. 2000

The Plant Cell

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Arabidopsis plants have a system to specifically restrict the long-distance movement of tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) without involving either hypersensitive cell death or systemic acquired resistance. At least two dominant genes, RTM1 and RTM2 , are necessary for this restriction. Through a series of coinfection experiments with heterologous viruses, the RTM1/RTM2-mediated restriction was shown to be highly specific for TEV. The RTM2 gene was isolated by a mapbased cloning strategy. Isolation of RTM2 was confirmed by transgenic complementation and sequence analysis of wild-type and mutant alleles. The RTM2 gene product is a multidomain protein containing an N-terminal region with high similarity to plant small heat shock proteins (HSPs). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the RTM2 small HSP-like domain is evolutionarily distinct from each of the five known classes of plant small HSPs. Unlike most other plant genes encoding small HSPs, expression of the RTM2 gene was not induced by high temperature and did not contribute to thermotolerance of seedlings. The RTM2 gene product was also shown to contain a large C-terminal region with multiple repeating sequences. INTRODUCTIONSystemic infection of plants by viruses generally requires genome replication in individual cells, cell-to-cell movement through plasmodesmata, and long-distance movement through the phloem Baker et al., 1997). A block at any of these steps, either by active defense responses or by incompatible combinations of viral and host factors, can lead to resistance. Several types of active resistance responses to viruses are known (Baker et al., 1997;Carrington and Whitham, 1998). Dominant or semidominant resistance ( R ) genes that trigger hypersensitive cell death or extreme resistance at initial infection sites, occurring most often in a strain-specific or "gene-for-gene" manner, are well known. The tobacco N gene and the potato Rx gene, which condition resistance against tobacco mosaic virus and potato virus X strains, respectively, belong to the nucleotide binding site, leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) class of R genes (Whitham et al., 1994;Bendahmane et al., 1999). Whereas N confers a hypersensitive response concomitant with localized cell-to-cell movement in inoculated leaves, Rx confers an extreme resistance in initially infected cells (Bendahmane et al., 1995).A second type of active resistance involves gene-silencing-like mechanisms. Virus-induced silencing is adaptive, meaning that a naive host can recognize viral nucleic acids and customize a sequence-specific response (Baulcombe, 1999;Grant, 1999). Thus, virus-induced silencing can limit virus accumulation, promote recovery (in some cases) from a systemic infection, and confer resistance to secondary infections with the same or homologous viruses (Ratcliff et al., 1997;Al-Kaff et al., 1998;Ratcliff et al., 1999). In contrast to resistance triggered by NBS-LRR-type R genes, resistance through silencing appears not to depend on a gene-for-gene recognition event. Passive resistance has been sugge...

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Characterization of Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) Resistance in Virus-Resistant Ecotypes ofArabidopsis

Cited by 64 publications

References 0 publications

Cloning of the Arabidopsis RTM1 gene, which controls restriction of long-distance movement of tobacco etch virus

Cloning of the Arabidopsis RTM1 gene, which controls restriction of long-distance movement of tobacco etch virus

The Rb7 Matrix Attachment Region Increases the Likelihood and Magnitude of Transgene Expression in Tobacco Cells: A Flow Cytometric Study

Arabidopsis RTM2 Gene Is Necessary for Specific Restriction of Tobacco Etch Virus and Encodes an Unusual Small Heat Shock-Like Protein

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