Characterization of charcoal from some promising bamboo species

Bamboo can be used in a variety of ways, including as fuel and as household and construction materials. Due to its versatility, the material is of high economic value. This study investigated the fuel properties of six bamboo species grown in Indonesia. Each bamboo sample was carbonized at different temperatures. Proximate and ultimate analyses were carried out on the bamboo samples. The thermal maturity of the bamboo samples as a solid fuel was investigated by the van Krevelen diagram. The efficiency of bamboo at each carbonizing temperature was determined based on the char yield, energy densification rate, energy efficiency, and calorific value. The results showed that the ash and fixed carbon contents of carbonized bamboo increased with an increasing carbonization temperature; while the volatile matter decreased. Significant changes in the fuel properties were observed between 200 °C and 400 °C. Carbonized bamboos showed lower sulfur contents in comparison to other fossil fuels. Ampel bamboo showed a calorific value of 18 MJ/kg to 32 MJ/kg, which was the highest value among the samples. Bamboo carbonized at temperatures above 600 °C showed a thermal maturity of coal grade. The results of this study can be used for utilizing Indonesian bamboo as a fuel source.

Section: Fuel Properties Of Original Bamboosupporting

confidence: 93%

Fuel properties of Indonesian bamboo carbonized at different temperatures

Park

Jang

Wistara

et al. 2019

“…This result is similar to the findings of a few studies. Kumar and Chandrashekar (2014) observed the GCV of four bamboo species was between 25.1 and 28.7 MJ/kg carbonized at 700 and 800 0 C. The calorific value of Dendrocalamus giganteus (Sembilang bamboo) and Phyllostachys edulis (Moso bamboo) reported by Park et al (2020) carbonized at 800 o C was 28.3 and 31.9 MJ/kg, respectively.…”

Section: Gross Caloric Valuementioning

confidence: 88%

“…The highest mean ash content recorded in charcoal made from B. vulgaris was in the bottom section. High ash content in bamboo is attributed to high silica content (Kumar and Chandrashekar 2014). The ash content percentage is important for selecting a biomass fuel (Ruiz-Aquino 2019).…”

Section: Ash Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charcoal properties of Malaysian bamboo charcoal carbonized at 750 °C

Jarawi,

Jusoh

2023

The carbonization of five Malaysian bamboo species, namely Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus asper, Gigantochloa hasskarliana, Gigantochloa levis, and Schizostachyum brachycladum, was conducted to investigate the charcoal properties and compare the quality of bamboo charcoal produced based on proximate analysis. Carbonization at 750 °C using a modified Iwasaki steel drum kiln was successful for all bamboo species. Bamboo morphological features varied and basic density increased with culm height. A charcoal yield of more than 30% was recorded in all bamboo species except for B. vulgaris and D. asper. Charcoals made from D. asper and G. hasskarliana could serve as the alternative raw material for charcoal production in charcoal industries due to their low moisture, low volatile matter, low ash, and high fixed carbon content. All species had a mean gross calorific value between 24.4 and 29.2 MJ/kg. Among different culm sections, the bottom section produced the best quality charcoal. The charcoal quality from all species was of acceptable quality for domestic use.

“…Rousset et al (2011) showed that the fixed carbon content of Bambusa vulgaris torrefied at 220, 250, and 280 °C increased with increasing temperature, whereas the VMC decreased as temperature increased. According to Kumar and Chandrashekar (2014), the higher FCC value in charcoal prepared at higher temperatures may be caused by VMC removal from the wood during the pyrolytic process. Kwon et al (2012) reported that the fixed carbon content of cork oak carbonized at 400 to 1,200 °C increased as the carbonization temperature increased.…”

Section: Fixed Carbon Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proximate analysis of bamboo culm and wood carbonized at low temperatures: A comparative study

Yang

Purusatama

Kim

et al. 2023

To obtain basic data for further use of bamboo culms and wood as eco-friendly bioenergy resources, the proximate analysis of Dendrocalamus giganteus, D. asper, Bambusa vulgaris, Gigantochloa apus, Phyllostachys pubescens, Pinus densiflora, and Quercus variabilis carbonized at 200 to 320 °C at 40 °C intervals was undertaken. Proximate analysis of moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, and fixed carbon content was performed according to JIS M 8812 (2004) with 60-mesh carbonized powder. Carbonized bamboo showed higher ash and volatile content than carbonized wood, whereas carbonized wood had a higher fixed carbon content than carbonized bamboo. At all temperatures, giant bamboo had the highest ash content. In bamboo and wood, the ash and fixed carbon contents increased with increasing carbonization temperature, whereas the volatile substances decreased.