Characterization of chicken <i>IFI35</i> and its antiviral activity against Newcastle disease virus

Abstract

Interferon-induced protein-35 kDa (IFI35) was an antiviral protein induced by IFN-γ, which plays an important role in the IFN-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. Here, we cloned and identified IFI35 in the chicken for the first time. Chicken IFI35 (chIFI35) contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 1,152 bp encoding a protein of 384 amino acids containing two conserved Nmi/IFI35 domain (NID) motifs. Tissue distribution analysis of chIFI35 in healthy and Newcastle disease (ND) virus-infected chickens indicated a positive correlation between chIFI35 mRNA transcription and ND viral loads in various tissues. The role of chIFI35 in regulation NDV replication were further assessed by up-or down-regulated chIFI35 expression in DF-1 cells transfected with plasmid harboring chIFI35, pCMV-3HA-chIFI35 or shRNA targeting chIFI35, pshRNA-chIFI35 plasmids. NDV replications in DF-1 cells were significantly reduced or slightly increased by over-or under-expression of the chIFI35 protein, respectively, indicating the role of chIFI35 in anti-NDV infection. Moreover, chIFI35 also involved in regulation of viral gene transcription and IFNs expression. The collected data were meaningful for research chicken antiviral immunity and shed light on the pleiotropic antiviral effect of chIFI35 during NDV infection.

The W195 Residue of the Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein Is Critical for Multiple Aspects of Viral Self-Regulation through Interactions between V and Nucleoproteins

“…There was no significant difference in the levels of IFN-β at early time points, and both viruses caused low IFN-β mRNA levels in DF-1. This result is consistent with a previous report [ 41 ]. Therefore, the inhibitory effect of V might not be related to host IFN during early infection because of V–NP interaction.…”

Pathologic Mechanisms of the Newcastle Disease Virus

“…Jia et al found that the distribution of interferon-induced protein-35 kDa (IFI35) mRNA in different tissues was positively related to NDV loads. The overexpression of IFI35 had an inhibitory effect on NDV replication, and it was positively involved with IFN modulators, suggesting that it may suppress NDV replication via the IFN pathway [91]. LSm14A is a member of the LSm family and binds to viral RNAs in the processing body (P-body), which mediates IRF3 activation and IFN induction [92].…”

Characterization of Chicken-Derived Genotype VII Newcastle Disease Virus Isolates from Northwest China

“…Previous reports have shown that NDV can be disseminated in the blood, so that virus can be detected in all tissues and organs after infection; however, the viral loads in tissues and organs have discrepancies between NDV genotypes ( Jia et al, 2022 ; Mao et al, 2022 ). We observed high viral loads in different tissues showed high levels in the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, intestine, liver, and spleen, with lower viral loads in the kidney, muscle, brain, and pancreas.…”