Characterization of Chinese giant salamander iridovirus tissue tropism and inflammatory response after infection

Jiang, Nan; Fan, Yuding; Zhou, Yong; Liu, Wenzhi; Ma, Jie; Meng, Yan; Xie, Congxin; Zeng, Lingbing

doi:10.3354/dao02868

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Ranaviruses are known as emerging infectious pathogens with a broad host range and have been shown to impact amphibian population dynamics, which raised global concern [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. As a rare and endangered amphibian species, the Chinese giant salamander has suffered from ranavirus diseases in natural habitats or on farms since 2010 [ 6 , 9 , 13 ]. In this study, two DNA vaccines (pcDNA-2L and pcDNA-58L) against ADRV were constructed, and the induced protective immunity was investigated in Chinese giant salamanders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ADRV infection caused a serious systemic hemorrhagic disease and led to more than 90% mortality in Chinese giant salamanders [ 6 , 7 , 9 ]. Although significant progresses have been achieved in understanding the pathogenesis and genome structure of ADRV as well as host immune responses against viral infection [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], no effective treatment for the virus is available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective Immunity Induced by DNA Vaccination against Ranavirus Infection in Chinese Giant Salamander Andrias davidianus

Chen

Gao

et al. 2018

Viruses

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Andrias davidianus ranavirus (ADRV) is an emerging viral pathogen that causes severe systemic hemorrhagic disease in Chinese giant salamanders. There is an urgent need for developing an effective vaccine against this fatal disease. In this study, DNA vaccines containing the ADRV 2L gene (pcDNA-2L) and the 58L gene (pcDNA-58L) were respectively constructed, and their immune protective effects were evaluated in Chinese giant salamanders. In vitro and in vivo expression of the vaccine plasmids were confirmed in transfected cells and muscle tissues of vaccinated Chinese giant salamanders by using immunoblot analysis or RT-PCR. Following ADRV challenge, the Chinese giant salamanders vaccinated with pcDNA-2L showed a relative percent survival (RPS) of 66.7%, which was significant higher than that in Chinese giant salamanders immunized with pcDNA-58L (RPS of 3.3%). Moreover, the specific antibody against ADRV was detected in Chinese giant salamanders vaccinated with pcDNA-2L at 14 and 21 days post-vaccination by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Transcriptional analysis revealed that the expression levels of immune-related genes including type I interferon (IFN), myxovirus resistance (Mx), major histocompatibility complex class IA (MHC IA), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were strongly up-regulated after vaccination with pcDNA-2L. Furthermore, vaccination with pcDNA-2L significantly suppressed the virus replication, which was seen by a low viral load in the spleen of Chinese giant salamander survivals after ADRV challenge. These results indicated that pcDNA-2L could induce a significant innate immune response and an adaptive immune response involving both humoral and cell-mediated immunity that conferred effective protection against ADRV infection, and might be a potential vaccine candidate for controlling ADRV disease in Chinese giant salamanders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective Immunity Induced by DNA Vaccination against Ranavirus Infection in Chinese Giant Salamander Andrias davidianus

Chen

Gao

et al. 2018

Viruses

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“…The spleen, an important immune organ in vertebrates, is the site at which antigens from the blood are processed. Therefore, it is not surprising that replication and abundant ranavirus antigen-positive cells were detected in the spleen upon ranavirus infection [ 36 , 37 ]. Thus, in this study, stimulated splenocyte proliferation with the recombinant baculovirus reflects that the immune system was activated and gave an enhanced immune reaction, as similarly shown in a previous study [ 34 ] and confirmed by the results of the immune gene expression level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination with Recombinant Baculovirus Expressing Ranavirus Major Capsid Protein Induces Protective Immunity in Chinese Giant Salamander, Andrias davidianus

Zhou

Zhang

Han

et al. 2017

Viruses

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The Chinese giant salamander iridovirus (CGSIV), belonging to the genus Ranavirus in the family Iridoviridae, is the causative agent of an emerging infectious disease causing high mortality of more than 90% and economic losses in Chinese giant salamanders in China. In this study, a recombinant baculovirus-based vaccine expressing the CGSIV major capsid protein (MCP) was developed and its protective immunity in Chinese giant salamanders was evaluated. The recombinant Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrosis virus (AcNPV), expressing CGSIV MCP, designated as AcNPV-MCP, was generated with the highest titers of 1 × 108 plaque forming units/mL (PFU/mL) and confirmed by Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assays. Western blot analysis revealed that the expressed MCP reacted with mouse anti-MCP monoclonal antibodies at the band of about 53 kDa. The results of IIF indicated that the MCP was expressed in the infected Spodoptera frugiperda 9 (Sf9) cells with the recombinant baculovirus, and the Chinese giant salamander muscle cells also transduced with the AcNPV-MCP. Immunization with the recombinant baculovirus of AcNPV-MCP elicited robust specific humoral immune responses detected by ELISA and neutralization assays and potent cellular immune responses in Chinese giant salamanders. Importantly, the effective immunization conferred highly protective immunity for Chinese giant salamanders against CGSIV challenge and produced a relative percent of survival rate of 84%. Thus, the recombinant baculovirus expressing CGSIV MCP can induce significant immune responses involving both humoral and cell-mediated immunity in Chinese giant salamanders and might represent a potential baculovirus based vaccine candidate for Chinese giant salamanders against CGSIV.

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“…The sections were rehydrated with PBS three times, and then, the DIG‐labelled ieI and vp28 probes were added to the sections and incubated overnight at 65°C. The sections were incubated with anti‐DIG antibody (1:4,000; Roche Diagnostics) and then stained with NBT/BCIP (Roche Diagnostics) (Jiang, Fan, et al, ). All the sections were examined by light microscopy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expression levels of immune‐related genes ( crustin2 , proPO , TLR and Hsp70 ) in stomach, gut and gill of both control treatments and WSSV treatments were analysed by real‐time qPCR using SYBR green following a previously published procedure (Jiang, Fan, et al, ). Total RNA from every tissue was extracted with TRIzol Reagent according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proliferation dynamics of WSSV in crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, and the host responses at different temperatures

Jiang

et al. 2019

Journal of Fish Diseases

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The replication profile of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, at different water temperature was investigated in this study. The WSSV detections were negative at 15 ± 1°C, and the natural infection ratio increased at 19 ± 1°C (24.2% ± 2.25%), reached 100% at 25 ± 1°C and decreased at 30 ± 1°C (93.2% ± 3.37%). The WSSV genome copies number was much higher at 25 ± 1°C (≥5 × 106.45 ± 0.35/mg) than at 15 ± 1°C (≤5 × 101.13 ± 0.12/mg), 19 ± 1°C (≤5 × 102.74 ± 0.48/mg) and 32 ± 1°C (≤5 × 103.18 ± 0.27/mg). Meanwhile, the significant transcription signals of immediate early gene ie1 and late gene vp28 and a large number of virus particles were detected in epitheliums of stomach, gut and gill, hepatopancreas, heart and muscle cells at 25 ± 1°C by using in situ hybridization (ISH) and transmission electron microscopy. The experimental infection of P. clarkii with WSSV infection showed reduced mortality and lower virus copies number at 19 ± 1°C (23.51% ± 0.84%, ≤5 × 103.41 ± 0.11/mg) and 32 ± 1°C (38.42% ± 1.21%, ≤5 × 103.72 ± 0.13/mg) compared to 25 ± 1°C (100%, ≥5 × 104.99 ± 0.24/mg). The water temperature regulated the transcription of immune‐related genes (crustin2, prophenoloxidase (proPO) and heat shock protein70 (Hsp70)), with some differences between WSSV treatments and control treatments. These results demonstrate that water temperature has effect on WSSV proliferation, which may due to transcriptional response of immune‐related genes to temperature.

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Characterization of Chinese giant salamander iridovirus tissue tropism and inflammatory response after infection

Cited by 15 publications

References 28 publications

Protective Immunity Induced by DNA Vaccination against Ranavirus Infection in Chinese Giant Salamander Andrias davidianus

Protective Immunity Induced by DNA Vaccination against Ranavirus Infection in Chinese Giant Salamander Andrias davidianus

Vaccination with Recombinant Baculovirus Expressing Ranavirus Major Capsid Protein Induces Protective Immunity in Chinese Giant Salamander, Andrias davidianus

Proliferation dynamics of WSSV in crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, and the host responses at different temperatures

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