Characterization of chitosan-gelatin scaffolds for dermal tissue engineering

Abstract

Porous scaffolds for dermal tissue engineering were fabricated by freeze-drying a mixture of chitosan and gelatin (CG) solutions. Different crosslinking agents including glutaraldehyde, 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl-carbodimide hydrochloride (EDC), and genipin were used to crosslink the scaffolds and improve their biostability. The porous structure and mechanical properties were determined for the scaffolds. The proliferation of human fibroblasts in the scaffolds was analyzed. It was found that EDC crosslinked scaffolds had the greatest amount of cells after four days. EDC crosslinked CG scaffolds had tensile modulus in a dry state and compressive modulus in a wet state similar to commercial collagen wound dressing. They also showed appropriate pore size, high water absorption, and good dimensional stability during cell culture. When human fibroblasts were seeded on acellular porcine dermis (APD), acellular human dermis (AHD), and CG scaffolds for 3D cell culture, they were well-distributed in the centre of the CG scaffolds but stayed only on the superficial layer of APD or AHD after seven days. A gelatin-based bioglue was applied to the CG scaffolds where the keratinocytes were seeded to mimic epidermal structure. After 14 days, the bioglue degraded and keratinocytes grew to form monolayers on the scaffolds. This study showed that CG scaffolds crosslinked by EDC and seeded with human fibroblasts could serve as dermal constructs, while the bioglue coating seeded with keratinocytes could serve as an epidermal construct. Such a combination could help regenerate skin with integrated dermal and epidermal layers and a have potential use in tissue-engineered skin.

Development of a custom biological scaffold for investigating ultrasound-mediated intracellular delivery

“…The enhancement varied with the ratio of chitosan to gelatin; the optimum C:G ratio ranged from 2:5 to 4:5. This result was similar to that of previous studies, where the C:G ratio in this range was found to be optimal for cellular adhesion in chitosan-gelatin based materials [26,[39][40][41]. Although not fully understood, the ratio of chitosan to gelatin can affect a number of characteristic of the scaffolds, which could directly or indirectly influence the adhesion of cells, as well as their proliferation and arrangement on the substrate.…”

“…In addition to the ratio of chitosan and gelatin, the concentration of the constituents is also known to affect the biological properties of scaffolds [39]. Differences in cell adhesion (at day 1) were not observed over a range of concentrations from 1% to 3%.…”

Gelatin-based hydrogels for biomedical applications

“…For instance, freeze-drying is a common approach for preparing gelatin scaffolds; [44][45][46] however, this technique does not allow for control over the pore dimensions. An electrospinning approach [47,48] is also widely used for preparing …”

Study of multi-functional electrospun composite nanofibrous mats for smart wound healing

“…A higher absorbance value of the hemoglobin solution indicates a slower clotting rate. As presented from the results, both CNMs and gelatin show a better hemostatic effect than that of SMPU and gauze within 15 min, which can be attributed to the following two possible reasons: (1) gelatin and chitosan are hydrophilic and belong to ionic species which can induce the platelet coagulation through electrostatic adsorption interactions [49]; (2) nanofibrous mats have larger large specific surface area than that of gauze.…”