Characterization of Circulating Exosomal MicroRNAs and Its Role as Biomarkers for Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Exosomal microRNAs (EXO-miRNAs) attract major importance as prospective diagnostic biomarkers for metabolic syndrome (MS). The intent of our trials was to characterize the serum exosomes, exosomal miRNA and their target genes to identify those that were altered in relation to the different conditions of metabolic syndrome (Type II diabetes mellitus, high-fat-induced obesity and its related disorders) with different forms of treatment to evaluate their use as diagnostic and treatment biomarkers. Eighty male adult albino rats were used in this experiment, 10 served as normal control group and other 70 divided into 7 different groups; the first received high fat high fructose (HFHF) diet for 4 weeks, second received HFHF diet and confirmed to be diabetic and the other five groups are diabetics and treated for another 4 weeks with Okra extract, Gum Arabic, Dapagliflozin, combination of Dapagliflozin& okra Extract and combination of Dapagliflozin& Gum Arabic, respectively.. Our results explained that, the expression levels of miR-122, fatty acid synthase-1 (FAS-1) and Sterol response elementary binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) were significantly higher in the hepatic tissue of metabolic syndrome model groups than that of control and significantly down-regulated after different treatments but still higher than that of control group while carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1(CPT-1) was significantly decreased in the same groups. Also the expression levels of miR-31 was significantly higher in adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome model groups than that of control and significantly down-regulated after different treatments but still higher than that of control group while Leptin gene (Ob), Phosphoinositide-3-kinase, class 2, alpha-polypeptide (PIK3C2A) and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) were significantly decreased in the same groups.It was concluded that exosomal miRNA signatures are parallel with pathological consequences of metabolic syndrome sufferers as well as numerous miRNAs display potential biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis of the metabolic changes.