Characterization of Classical Vaccines by Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

masses and relative abundances of impurities (i.e., empty and defective particles). CDMS is a robust technique that does not require sample-specific standards. The depth of information available from a CDMS assay that is quick (usually <1 h analysis time), efficient (sample size 10−20 μL), and sensitive enough to detect low abundance intermediates and misassembled particles has the potential to increase the speed and reduce the cost of vaccine development.

Applications of Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry in Molecular Biology and Biotechnology

“…The rotavirus is a triple-layered dsRNA virus with a segmented genome. , Shedding the outer-layer proteins (VP4 and VP7) creates a double-layer particle (DLP). The middle layer (the outer layer of the DLP) is a T = 13 icosahedron with 780 copies of VP6, and the core consists of a capsid of 120 copies of VP2 surrounding the genome and 11–12 copies of VP1 (viral polymerase) and VP3 (viral capping enzyme). − Taking all of the constituents into account, the expected MWs of the DLP and the triple-layer particle (TLP) are 62.16 and 106.77 MDa, respectively . The CDMS mass spectrum for RotaTeq is shown in Figure c.…”

“…The other three main groups involve virus-sized molecules that lack fast and robust analytical tools. CDMS has been used to characterize IPOL, RotaTeq, and Gardasil-9 directly from commercial sources . In addition to the antigen, vaccine formulations often include preservatives, adjuvants, stabilizers, and bulking agents.…”

“…The bin size is 100 kDa. (a, b, d) Adapted with permission from ref . Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society.…”

“…CDMS has been used to characterize IPOL, RotaTeq, and Gardasil-9 directly from commercial sources. 239 In addition to the antigen, vaccine formulations often include preservatives, adjuvants, stabilizers, and bulking agents. In the case of IPOL and RotaTeq, a simple buffer exchange into 200 mM ammonium acetate was enough to enable electrospray and CDMS measurements.…”

Virus-like Particles: Fundamentals and Biomedical Applications

“…For VLPs, some modalities of MS, such as native electrospray ionization MS, have been used to assess the M w of VLPs derived from Norovirus West Chester GI.1., CPMV, and bacteriophages P22 and T5 [ 154 ]. In another study, charge detection MS (CDMS) has been mentioned as a robust method that can provide the mass distribution of antigens, their masses, and the presence of impurities on VLP-based vaccines [ 155 ].…”