Characterization of coarse particulate matter in school gyms

Braniš, Martin; Šafránek, Jiří

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2011.03.010

Cited by 71 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Considering the major movement of children and recreational activities during break time, the significant concentration of coarse particle fraction found during this period could indicate the effect of the re-suspension phenomena of particles previously emitted by writing with chalk and organic matter of children. This result was also in accordance with the evidence of re-suspension phenomena due to children's movements and physical activities in schools recently reported in the literature [70]; for example, Buonanno et al, 2012 found that the particle re-suspension produced by the activity of exercising pupils was the dominant source in 12 schools gyms in Cassino and, among the various PM fractions, the effect on coarse particles, was found to be the most important with concentrations of 4.8 ± 2.0 times higher than the background (outdoor) [71].…”

Section: Indoor Pm Concentrations Within School Hourssupporting

confidence: 81%

Indoor Air Quality in Naturally Ventilated Italian Classrooms

et al. 2015

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Characterization of indoor air quality in school classrooms is crucial to children's health and performance. The present study was undertaken to characterize the indoor air quality in six naturally ventilated classrooms of three schools in Cassino (Italy). Indoor particle number, mass, black carbon, CO2 and radon concentrations, as well as outdoor particle number were measured within school hours during the winter and spring season. The study found the concentrations of indoor particle number were influenced by the concentrations in the outdoors; highest BC values were detected in classrooms during peak traffic time. The effect of different seasons' airing mode on the indoor air quality was also detected. The ratio between indoor and outdoor particles was of 0.85 ± 0.10 in winter, under airing conditions of short opening window periods, and 1.00 ± 0.15 in spring when the windows were opened for longer periods. This was associated to a higher degree of penetration of outdoor particles due to longer period of window opening. Lower CO2 levels were found in classrooms in spring (908 ppm) than in winter (2206 ppm). Additionally, a greater reduction in radon concentrations was found in spring. In addition, high PM10 levels were found in classrooms during break time due to re-suspension of coarse particles. OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2015, 6 1653

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Section: Indoor Pm Concentrations Within School Hourssupporting

confidence: 81%

Indoor Air Quality in Naturally Ventilated Italian Classrooms

et al. 2015

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“…Moreover, the total amount of particulate matter deposited in the respiratory tract during moderate exercise may be up to five times higher than at the rest, increasing along with the intensity of physical activity (Daigle et al, 2003). Moreover, Braniš et al (2009Braniš et al ( , 2011a found high concentrations of coarse PM in an urban school gyms, and showed that concentrations increased along with the activity levels of exercising students due to resuspension, whereas the effect of the outdoor air on PM 10-2.5 fraction was negligible. Their experiment was carried out in a central part of Prague (Czech Republic), sampling air through a five-stage cascade impactor in order to obtain 24-h average concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Buonanno

Fuoco

Marini

et al. 2012

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The aim of this work was to quantify the exposure of children to particle resuspension in school gyms. In fact, although moderate standard aerobic activity is suggested for good health, adverse health effects could affect people exercising in micro-environments with ambient pollution. Overall, 12 micro-environments were chosen and analyzed in a 3-month experimental campaign. The different fractions of particulate matter (PM) were measured by means of photometers, calibrated for the specific aerosols studied through gravimetric samplers, whereas particle number distributions in the 0.5-20 μm range were continuously measured using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) spectrometer. High PM concentration levels were measured in school gyms compared to outdoor values. The dominant source is the particle resuspension produced by the activity of exercising pupils and, among the various PM fractions, the effect on coarse particles (PM 10-2.5 ) was found to be the most important, with the related emissions factors measured in the range of 1.5-8.9 mg/min. During school activities, under natural ventilation conditions, the average coarse particle concentrations at the 12 school gyms investigated were found to be 4.8 ± 2.0 times higher than the background (outdoor) values. The key parameters are the number and intensity of the physical activities, which can be characterized by the total energy used by the students. Therefore, this study provides useful data on the exposure of students to airborne particles during periods of physical activity in gyms with natural ventilation.

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“…Usually, school gyms are the places where extensive activities are conducted and, as a result, re-suspension of aerosol particles is very well pronounced. Branis and Safranek (2011) showed that PM 10-2.5 were 1.2-29.4 µg m -3 inside a school gym with indoor-tooutdoor (I/O) ratio was higher than two. In the same study, the I/O ratio was below 0.5 with the indoor PM 10-2.5 varied between 0.5-4.9 µg m -3 during weekends and holidays.…”

Section: Re-suspension Emission Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization, Fate, and Re-Suspension of Aerosol Particles (0.3-10 µm): The Effects of Occupancy and Carpet Use

Hussein

Dada

Juwhari

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study we present the particle number size distribution (diameter 0.3-10 µm with 1-minute time resolution) inside four offices (naturally ventilated) inside two university buildings. Each office had a typical environment in terms of occupancy and furniture. We focused on the differences between workdays and weekends in terms of particle number (PN) and particle mass (PM, assuming spherical particles with unit density) concentrations. Moreover, we illustrated the effect of workers' activity (occupancy, smoking, etc.). We also applied a simple indoor aerosol model to estimate the fate (gravitational settling and exfiltration) and source strength of aerosol particles within the measured particle size range. During workdays, the highest measured 24-hour average PM 10-1 in the occupied office was 41.5 µg m -3 (PN 10-1 = 2.2 cm -3 ) compared to 9.0 µg m -3 (PN 10-1 = 1.2 cm -3 ) in the unoccupied offices. The ventilation rate of the offices that were opposite to each other was about 0.15 h -1 whereas it was 0.28-0.38 h -1 for the other offices, which were a bit distant from each other. The gravitational settling analysis suggested that a suitable particle density (ρ p ) could be ~1.7 g cm -3 with a shape factor χ ~1.57, which is similar to mineral dust particles. The gravitational settling rate of particles around 2 µm in diameter was about 0. ). This study provided us with an insight about the effect of occupancy and carpet use on the dynamic behavior (fate and resuspension) of dust particles inside university office buildings located in semi-arid regions.

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Characterization of coarse particulate matter in school gyms

Cited by 71 publications

References 48 publications

Indoor Air Quality in Naturally Ventilated Italian Classrooms

Indoor Air Quality in Naturally Ventilated Italian Classrooms

Particle Resuspension in School Gyms during Physical Activities

Characterization, Fate, and Re-Suspension of Aerosol Particles (0.3-10 µm): The Effects of Occupancy and Carpet Use

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