Characterization of Cr/Bentonite and HZSM-5 Zeolite as Catalysts for Ethanol Conversion to Biogasoline

Widjaya, Robert Ronal; Soegijono, Bambang; Rinaldi, Nino

doi:10.7454/mss.v16i1.1283

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The shift in the diffraction d001of bentonite caused an increase in basal spacing from 13.6 Å to 17.7 Å for Al-PILC and 25.2 Å for Ti-PILC, indicating the pillarization process was carried out, as supported by an increase in surface area and pore volume (Table 1). It is proposed that cation exchange has occurred in the bentonite interlayer layer with Al or Ti polycations and generates an increase in the basal space distance of interlayers bentonite; in other words, the preparation process using the pillarization method was successful (Haerudin et al, 2010;Rinaldi et al, 2023;Widjaya, 2012).…”

Section: Characterization Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One method to enhance the utility of bentonite and make it economically valuable is the Pillared Inter-Layer Clay (PILC) treatment. Pillarization is an intercalation process of pillaring agents generally using metals with specific sizes and charges, such as Al, Mn, Ti, and other metal oxides (Binitha & Sugunan, 2006;Haerudin et al, 2010;Salerno et al, 2004;Sumarlan et al, 2017;Widjaya, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of sulfided NiMo catalyst supported on pillared bentonite Al and Ti under hydrodeoxygenation reaction of guaiacol

Rinaldi,

Sari,

Sumari

et al. 2024

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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Bio-crude oil is known to be sustainable, eco-environmentally, and an alternative energy source produced by biomass pyrolysis. However, its quality remains relatively low due to a higher oxygen concentration compared to liquid fuels from fossils. Therefore, an upgrading process is necessary through the catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process. This work synthesized pillared bentonite using Al and Ti metals as the pillaring agent to produce Al-PILC and Ti-PILC as catalyst support for sulfided NiMo. Their catalytic activity in HDO reaction using guaiacol as a model compound of bio-crude oil were also evaluated. Characterization of the bentonite-pillared materials, including Al-PILC, Mo/Al-PILC, NiMo/Al-PILC, Ti-PILC, Mo/Ti-PILC, and NiMo/Ti-PILC, was performed using Surface Area Analyzer, X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), Temperature-Programmed Desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques. The characterization results confirm the pillarization process of bentonite using Al and Ti metals as the pillaring agent, and the preparation of the NiMo catalyst using the stepwise impregnation method was successfully prepared. The NiMo/Ti-PILC catalyst performs a superior conversion value on the HDO guaiacol reaction than other catalysts. A well dispersion of Mo and Ni metals on the surface support (NiMo/Ti-PILC), thus creating numerous active sites of the catalyst after the sulfidation. Variations in time and temperature during the HDO guaiacol reaction significantly affected the conversion.

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Section: Characterization Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of sulfided NiMo catalyst supported on pillared bentonite Al and Ti under hydrodeoxygenation reaction of guaiacol

Rinaldi,

Sari,

Sumari

et al. 2024

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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“…The metals contained in Table 1 are indispensable to these catalysts, because they are bind hydrocarbon compounds and it has acid properties or become substances that can give protons (H + ions) to other substances, which it can accept free electron pairs from the substance that is alkaline properties, in this case is ethanol [4]. Thus, the carbon chain in ethanol will be engineered to be longer and new compounds with properties similar to gasoline are formed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium Pillared Montmorillonite as Catalyst for Liquid Biofuel Conversion

Widjaya

Juwono

Rinaldi

2019

AJAS

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Indonesia has many natural resources, one of which is montmorillonite which very potential to be used as a catalyst in the process converting ethanol to biofuel for an alternative fuel. Montmorillonite has unique properties, because the structure can expand and contract. Research to find alternative energy was needed to replace the limited amount of fossil energy. Chromium metal can be used as catalyst by using montmorillonite as buffer catalyst material. The purpose of this research is to make Cr/montmorillonite catalyst, which was used in the process of converting ethanol to biofuel. Cr/montmorillonite catalyst has synthesised by pillarization method, because it is simple and feasible. The conversion process was carried out by using a fixed bed reactor, peristaltic pump for flow the ethanol with flow rate 1 ml/min, and 1.5g Cr/montmorillonite pellets. The Cr/montmorillonite result was increased the basal spacing in the interlayer montmorillonite amount 150%. TGA shows the results water molecules and hydroxyl compounds decomposition process of Cr/montmorillonite in temperature 631Â°C. The results of the BET analysis show the specific surface area increased from 30.35 m2/g to 146 m2/g. XRF analysis shows the element content in montmorillonite, that was indicated addition of Cr metals in montmorillonite. FTIR measurements shows that the functional groups in bentonite typical peaks are Mg-OH, Si-O-Si bonds. SEM shows changes in the surface morphology particle in montmorillonite, that is for Cr particles in the form of flake. The GC-MS analysis results show the conversion of ethanol to biofuel or gasoline or biofuel.Â

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“…Pillared bentonite comparable to zeolite that could used for ETG conversion and reported to have large pores and spesific surface area [12] . Gasoline is a liquid oil fraction with a boiling point between 30 -200ºC, consisting of a mixture of hydrocarbons between C 4 and C 12 [13] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development Tin-Chromium Pillared in Bentonite as Catalyst for Ethanol to Gasoline Conversion

Widjaya

Juwono²,

Rinaldi³

2019

AJAS

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Bentonite is a natural material that can used as a buffer catalysts and easy to modified. Tin and Chromium metals can used as catalyst material. Tin and Chromium metals supported into bentonite was successfully prepared by pillarization method, and was calling Bi-Oxides pillared clays. It has used to catalyst for ethanol to gasoline conversion. Basal spacing for bentonite and Sn-Cr/bentonite were 12,83Çº and 25,67Çº respectively. Specific surface area and pore volume of Sn-Cr/bentonite was investigated and appeared be bigger than bentonite. The results confirmed by BET analysis that were 30,35 m2/g become 168,86 m2/g and pore volume from 0,0065cm3/g become 0,03 cm3/g. The thermal stability was determined by Thermogravimetry Analysis from temperature 0ÂºC until 1000ÂºC and the functional group changes detected by Fourier Transform Infra Red. XRF and EDX detected the Sn-Cr metals in the bentonite. The results of the liquid catalyst test analyzed by GC-MS and showed the contents consisted of benzene, toluene, octane, and naphthalene, that were similar with commercial gasoline. So, the Sn and Cr were using as metal pillars for bentonite interlayer and successfully used this Bi-oxides pillared clays for ethanol to gasoline conversion.Â Keywordsâ€” Bi-Oxides, Pillared clays, Sn-Cr/Bentonite, Ethanol to Gasoline.

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Characterization of Cr/Bentonite and HZSM-5 Zeolite as Catalysts for Ethanol Conversion to Biogasoline

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Performance of sulfided NiMo catalyst supported on pillared bentonite Al and Ti under hydrodeoxygenation reaction of guaiacol

Performance of sulfided NiMo catalyst supported on pillared bentonite Al and Ti under hydrodeoxygenation reaction of guaiacol

Chromium Pillared Montmorillonite as Catalyst for Liquid Biofuel Conversion

Development Tin-Chromium Pillared in Bentonite as Catalyst for Ethanol to Gasoline Conversion

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