Characterization of Cr Poisoning in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode Using a High Energy X-ray Microbeam

Liu, Di-Jia; Almer, Jonathan; Cruse, T. A.

doi:10.1149/1.3358262

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…ions interacting with CrO 3 . However, both hypotheses agree that Cr contamination is directly linked to cathode polarization, as also shown by other authors [10,11,15,16,19].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…The interaction between these two materials has been largely investigated and several parameters have been evidenced to influence their interaction mechanisms, such as temperature, oxygen partial pressure, reaction time, polarization (current load) and possible pollution sources. Amongst the features identified to affect the reactivity of cathode components, secondary phase formation [4][5][6][7][8] and Cr poisoning [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] are widely reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the authors who investigated Cr deposition could localise it at the electrode/electrolyte interface either as Cr 2 O 3 or as spinel CrMn 2 O 4 [9,10,19,[25][26][27], the latter being mostly present at the cathode/electrolyte interface whereas Cr 2 O 3 can be observed everywhere in an LSM cathode [11,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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TEM investigation on zirconate formation and chromium poisoning in LSM/YSZ cathode

et al. 2011

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“…ions interacting with CrO 3 . However, both hypotheses agree that Cr contamination is directly linked to cathode polarization, as also shown by other authors [10,11,15,16,19].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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TEM investigation on zirconate formation and chromium poisoning in LSM/YSZ cathode

et al. 2011

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“…The m-XRD and micro-tomography experiments were conducted using a high-energy (60.5 keV) X-ray beam at the 1-ID-C beamline of the Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory 52,53 . Two-dimensional diffraction patterns were collected using an amorphous-Si area detector.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversibility of anodic lithium in rechargeable lithium–oxygen batteries

et al. 2013

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Non-aqueous lithium-air batteries represent the next-generation energy storage devices with very high theoretical capacity. The benefit of lithium-air batteries is based on the assumption that the anodic lithium is completely reversible during the discharge-charge process. Here we report our investigation on the reversibility of the anodic lithium inside of an operating lithium-air battery using spatially and temporally resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction and three-dimensional micro-tomography technique. A combined electrochemical process is found, consisting of a partial recovery of lithium metal during the charging cycle and a constant accumulation of lithium hydroxide under both charging and discharging conditions. A lithium hydroxide layer forms on the anode separating the lithium metal from the separator. However, numerous microscopic 'tunnels' are also found within the hydroxide layer that provide a pathway to connect the metallic lithium with the electrolyte, enabling sustained iontransport and battery operation until the total consumption of lithium.

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“…Jiang and co-workers 2,6,8,7 assumed that Cr poisoning proceeds through formation of spinel ͑Cr,Mn͒ 3 O 4 at the electrolyte surface. The mechanism proposed involves Mn 2+ ions and hence it depends on local overpotential.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Model for Cr Poisoning of SOFC Cathode

Kulikovsky

2011

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A model for Cr poisoning of the cathode functional layer ͑FL͒ in a solid oxide fuel cell ͑SOFC͒ is developed. The model includes the FL performance equations and the rate equation for electrochemical deposition of the volatile Cr hydroxide. A solution to this system shows that in the FL the wave of chromium poisoning forms, which runs from the electrolyte surface to the current collector. At small cell currents, the wave propagation results in a slow linear growth of the activation polarization voltage with time. At large currents, the activation polarization rapidly increases with time and then stays at a nearly constant level corresponding to completely poisoned FL. These results are consistent with recent experiments.One of the key components of a solid oxide fuel cell ͑SOFC͒ stack is interconnect separating individual cells. Interconnect material must obey several contradictory requirements: It should be chemically stable and corrosion-resistant, it should provide high gas toughness and good electric contact between the cells, and its thermal expansion coefficient should match these coefficients of ceramic layers.Nowadays, most widely used interconnects are Cr-containing steels, which fulfill almost all of the requirements listed above. 1 However, Cr poisons the cathode side of the cell, thereby reducing the stack performance and lifetime.The importance of this problem has been recognized more than a decade ago. Since that time, numerous experimental investigations of SOFC cathode poisoning have been published ͑see Ref. 2-7 and the literature cited therein͒. However, the mechanism of Cr deposition still is controversial.Jiang and co-workers 2,6,8,7 assumed that Cr poisoning proceeds through formation of spinel ͑Cr,Mn͒ 3 O 4 at the electrolyte surface. The mechanism proposed involves Mn 2+ ions and hence it depends on local overpotential. Other groups argued that Cr poisoning occurs due to the electrochemical reduction of gaseous Cr hydroxide which contribute to O 2− ion formation. This pathway of Cr deposition is as follows. 9,10,5,7 At high temperature the layer of chromium oxide Cr 2 O 3 forms at the interconnect surface. This oxide reacts with oxygen and with traces of water vapor to form the volatile Cr hydroxide ͑VCH͒ CrO 2 ͑OH͒ 2 ͑g͒The VCH diffuses through the porous current collector to the functional layer ͑FL, Fig. 1͒. In the FL, the VCH is reduced electrochemically with the deposition of solid Cr 2 O 3This mechanism has recently been supported by the X-ray diffraction ͑XRD͒ analysis of poisoned cathodes. 7,11 The experiments 7,11 demonstrate that in mixed-conducting cathodes, Cr 2 O 3 deposition peaks at the electrolyte interface, where the electrochemical activity is maximal. To the same conclusion come authors, 10,5 who studied the degradation of cathodes with the mixed conducting FLs of various thickness.To the best of our knowledge, no models of Cr poisoning of an SOFC cathode have been reported. In this work, we employ our recent model of the catalyst layer performance 12,13 to develop a model...

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Characterization of Cr Poisoning in a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Cathode Using a High Energy X-ray Microbeam

Cited by 29 publications

References 37 publications

TEM investigation on zirconate formation and chromium poisoning in LSM/YSZ cathode

TEM investigation on zirconate formation and chromium poisoning in LSM/YSZ cathode

Reversibility of anodic lithium in rechargeable lithium–oxygen batteries

A Model for Cr Poisoning of SOFC Cathode

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