Characterization of cylindrospermopsin chlorination

Safe Drinking Water? Effect of Wastewater Inputs and Source Water Impairment and Implications for Water Reuse

“…As a consequence, most research on DBP formation from algal toxins has been performed with chlorine. The reaction of cylindrospermopsin with free chlorine leads to the formation of three DBPs: 5-chloro-cylindrospermopsin, cylindrospermopsic acid, and an unnamed by-product with m/z 375.097 (C 13 H 18 N 4 O 7 S) [127]. In the case of microcystins, up to six chlorination DBPs and their respective isomers have been identified: dihydroxy-microcystin, monochloro-microcystin, monochloro-hydroxy-microcystin, monochloro-dihydroxy-microcystin, dichloro-dihydroxy-microcystin, and trichlorohydroxy-microcystin.…”

Bismuth oxybromide promoted detoxification of cylindrospermopsin under UV and visible light illumination

“…Some cyanobacterial toxins can be removed by activated carbon via physical adsorption, however, the limited adsorption ability and high cost of activate carbon inhibit its practical application [17]. The effective chemical degradation of CYN by chlorination [18][19][20][21] and ozonation [22] has also been realized, but suffering from long degradation time and high cost. Recently, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on high active hydroxyl radical ( • OH) have been established as an alternative and superior to conventional chemical oxidation for the degradation of CYN [23].…”

Transformation Products of Emerging Contaminants upon Reaction with Conventional Water Disinfection Oxidants

“…Chlorine has been demonstrated to be an effective oxidant for MCs [68][69][70][71], cylindrospermopsin [72][73][74][75] and saxitoxins [76]. On the other hand, [19,43].…”