Characterization of defective interfering viral particles present in a population of pseudorabies virions

Ben-Porat, Tamar; Demarchi, J; Kaplan, Albert S.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(74)90239-6

Cited by 98 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This bottleneck in spread from neurons to epithelial cells would limit opportunities for complementation and recombination among viral genomes at peripheral sites. Mutant genomes or defective interfering genomes (33,34) that require coinfection for replication would be selected against after axonal spread to epithelial cells, effectively increasing the overall fitness of the spreading viral population. A major effect of population bottlenecks is that they directly affect the adaptability of viral infection to immune responses and drug treatments by altering fitness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alphaherpesvirus axon-to-cell spread involves limited virion transmission

Taylor

Kobiler

Enquist

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The spread of viral infection within a host can be restricted by bottlenecks that limit the size and diversity of the viral population. An essential process for alphaherpesvirus infection is spread from axons of peripheral nervous system neurons to cells in peripheral epithelia (anterograde-directed spread, ADS). ADS is necessary for the formation of vesicular lesions characteristic of reactivated herpesvirus infections; however, the number of virions transmitted is unknown. We have developed two methods to quantitate ADS events using a compartmentalized neuronal culture system. The first method uses HSV-1 and pseudorabies virus recombinants that express one of three different fluorescent proteins. The fluorescence profiles of cells infected with the virus mixtures are used to quantify the number of expressed viral genomes. Strikingly, although epithelial or neuronal cells express 3-10 viral genomes after infection by free virions, epithelial cells infected by HSV-1 or pseudorabies virus following ADS express fewer than two viral genomes. The second method uses live-cell fluorescence microscopy to track individual capsids involved in ADS. We observed that most ADS events involve a single capsid infecting a target epithelial cell. Together, these complementary analyses reveal that ADS events are restricted to small numbers of viral particles, most often a single virion, resulting in a single viral genome initiating infection.cell-cell spread | live-cell imaging

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alphaherpesvirus axon-to-cell spread involves limited virion transmission

Taylor

Kobiler

Enquist

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The virion-like particles containing these genomes are called defective interfering particles (DIPs), as they can compete and interfere with the functional viral genome during DNA replication and encapsidation. Indeed PRV DIP genomes are found enriched for origins of replication and packaging signals (26,28,131,174,342,343,382,440).…”

Section: Dna Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biology of Pseudorabies Virus: Impact on Neurovirology and Veterinary Medicine

Pomeranz

Reynolds

Hengartner

2005

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

724

657

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Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is a herpesvirus of swine, a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, and the etiological agent of Aujeszky's disease. This review describes the contributions of PRV research to herpesvirus biology, neurobiology, and viral pathogenesis by focusing on (i) the molecular biology of PRV, (ii) model systems to study PRV pathogenesis and neurovirulence, (iii) PRV transsynaptic tracing of neuronal circuits, and (iv) veterinary aspects of pseudorabies disease. The structure of the enveloped infectious particle, the content of the viral DNA genome, and a step-by-step overview of the viral replication cycle are presented. PRV infection is initiated by binding to cellular receptors to allow penetration into the cell. After reaching the nucleus, the viral genome directs a regulated gene expression cascade that culminates with viral DNA replication and production of new virion constituents. Finally, progeny virions self-assemble and exit the host cells. Animal models and neuronal culture systems developed for the study of PRV pathogenesis and neurovirulence are discussed. PRV serves as a self-perpetuating transsynaptic tracer of neuronal circuitry, and we detail the original studies of PRV circuitry mapping, the biology underlying this application, and the development of the next generation of tracer viruses. The basic veterinary aspects of pseudorabies management and disease in swine are discussed. PRV infection progresses from acute infection of the respiratory epithelium to latent infection in the peripheral nervous system. Sporadic reactivation from latency can transmit PRV to new hosts. The successful management of PRV disease has relied on vaccination, prevention, and testing

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“…The supernatant was cleared by low speed centrifugation, and DNA was separately isolated from cell pellet and supernatant containing free virions as described (Ben-Porat et al, 1974). Briefly, virions were purified after precipitation from the supernatant with 7% PEG-8000 (Gibco-BRL, Eggenstein, FRG) by centrifugation through a 30% sucrose cushion in 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 1 mM EDTA at 22000 rpm for 1 h in a Beckman SW 28 rotor.…”

Section: Isolation Of Viral Dnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the genomes of 15 avian herpes‐virus isolates by restriction endonuclease analysis

et al. 1997

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SUMMARYDifferentiation of herpesvirus isolates has been performed mostly on the basis of biological properties and serology. In this study, 15 herpesvirus isolates from different species of birds were compared by restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA. All herpesviruses were isolated in Europe or are used as vaccine viruses there. The isolates could be differentiated into seven groups based on restriction patterns. The largest group contains isolates from passeriform and psittacine birds and could further be subdivided into four subgroups. Two other groups are represented by herpesvirus isolates of quail and crane, and by isolates of pigeon and owl. Duck plague virus, herpesvirus of turkey, infectious laryngotracheitis virus and a herpesvirus isolate from tragopan all exhibited distinct restriction patterns. In general, our results parallel earlier cross-neutralization studies and yield additional, more detailed information on the relationship between different herpesvirus isolates of birds.

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Characterization of defective interfering viral particles present in a population of pseudorabies virions

Cited by 98 publications

References 12 publications

Alphaherpesvirus axon-to-cell spread involves limited virion transmission

Alphaherpesvirus axon-to-cell spread involves limited virion transmission

Molecular Biology of Pseudorabies Virus: Impact on Neurovirology and Veterinary Medicine

Comparison of the genomes of 15 avian herpes‐virus isolates by restriction endonuclease analysis

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