Characterization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Response to Bone Substitutes Biomaterials in Dentistry

Abstract

Bone substitute biomaterials (BSBs) represent a promising alternative to bone autografts, due to their biocompatibility, osteoconduction, slow resorption rates, and the ability to define and maintain volume for bone gain in dentistry. Many biomaterials are tailored to provide structural and biological support for bone regeneration, and allow the migration of bone-forming cells into the bone defect. Neural crest-derived stem cells isolated from human dental pulp (hDPSCs) represent a suitable stem cell source to study the biological effects of BSBs on osteoprogenitor cells involved in the physiological bone regenerative processes. This study aimed to evaluate how three different BSBs affect the stem cell properties, osteogenic differentiation, and inflammatory properties of hDPSCs. Our data highlight that BSBs do not alter cell proliferation and stemness markers expression, nor induce any inflammatory responses. Bone metabolism data show that hDPSCs exposed to the three BSBs distinctively secrete the factors supporting osteoblast activity and osteoclast activity. Our data indicate that i) hDPSCs are a suitable stem cell source to study the effects of BSBs, and that ii) the formulation of BSBs may condition the biological properties of stem cells, suggesting their versatile suitability to different dentistry applications.

The Added Value of a Collagenated Thermosensitive Bone Substitute as a Scaffold for Bone Regeneration

“…The study reported that the three biomaterials were biocompatible. Interestingly, when hDPSCs were incubated with the collagenated GTO and Gen-Os, an induction of intracellular osteopontin and an enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity were observed, suggesting that these materials contribute to the osteogenic commitment of these cells [28].…”

Advances and challenges in regenerative dentistry: A systematic review of calcium phosphate and silicate-based materials on human dental pulp stem cells

“…An animal study revealed that Angelus MTA upregulated the adaptive immune response but had minimal or no impact on the production of pro- or anti-inflammatory cytokines [ 109 , 110 ]. Another study conducted by Rosanna et al [ 16 ] underscores, that hDPSCs exposed to the three different bone substitute biomaterials such as OsteoBiol® GTO® [ 111 ], OsteoBiol® Gen-Os® [ [112] , [113] , [114] ], and OsteoBiol® Apatos® [ 115 , 116 ], promote both osteoblast and osteoclast activity. This finding highlights hDPSCs as a suitable stem cell source for investigating the effects of various biomaterials [ 16 , 19 ].…”

“…These distinctive characteristics position hDPSCs as a promising cell line for regenerative dentistry [ 3 , 4 , 8 , 11 , 14 , 15 ]. The hDPSCs are a suitable stem cell source for studying biological properties, suggesting their versatile suitability to different dentistry applications [ [16] , [17] , [18] , [19] ].…”