Characterization of differential throughfall drop size distributions beneath European beech and Norway spruce

Lüpke, Marvin; Leuchner, Michael; Levia, Delphis F.; Nanko, Kazuki; Iida, S.; Menzel, Annette

doi:10.1002/hyp.13565

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Rainfall interception ratio to gross rainfall decreases with an increasing rainfall amount (Figure 3), but the influence of the number of raindrops highly depends on MVD ( Figure 6). A different response of the tree species to the drop size distribution was also observed in other studies [3,27,31,57]. When analysing throughfall dynamics at the event level under the observed trees [3], throughfall under the pine tree immediately increased with larger and faster raindrops, which corresponds to the increase in pine's interception ratio (I/P) with smaller raindrops (MVD).…”

Section: Acronymsupporting

confidence: 65%

Evaluating the Influence of Rain Event Characteristics on Rainfall Interception by Urban Trees Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis

Zabret

Šraj

2019

Water

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Urban trees play an important role in the built environment, reducing the rainfall reaching the ground by rainfall interception. The amount of intercepted rainfall depends on the meteorological and vegetation characteristics. By applying the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), we analysed the influence of rainfall amount, intensity and duration, the number of raindrops, the mean volume diameter (MVD), wind speed and direction on rainfall interception. The analysis was based on data from 176 events collected over more than three years of observations. Measurements were taken under birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) trees located in an urban park in the city of Ljubljana, Slovenia. The results indicate that rainfall interception is influenced the most by rainfall amount and the number of raindrops. In general, the ratio of rainfall interception to gross rainfall decreases with longer and more intense rainfall events. The influence of the raindrop number depends also on their size (MVD), which is evident especially for the pine tree. For example, pine tree interception increases with smaller raindrops regardless of their number. In addition, MCA gives a new insight into the influence of wind characteristics, which was not visible using previous methods of data analysis (regression analysis, correlation matrices, regression trees, boosted regression trees). According to the nearby buildings, a wind corridor is sometimes created, decreasing rainfall interception by both tree species.

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Section: Acronymsupporting

confidence: 65%

Evaluating the Influence of Rain Event Characteristics on Rainfall Interception by Urban Trees Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis

Zabret

Šraj

2019

Water

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“…It seems that the increase or decrease in canopy drip diameter was related to rainfall event evolution, being lower at the beginning and the end of all events. Similar to Lüpke et al (2019), splash throughfall for a coniferous species was important at the beginning of the analyzed events.…”

Section: Drop Sizes Throughfall Types and Isotopic Composition In Ramentioning

confidence: 85%

“…CC BY 4.0 License. et al, 2019), the presence or absence of foliage (Nanko et al, 2016), canopy species and meteorological factors (wind and rainfall intensity) (Nanko et al, 2006;Lüpke et al, 2019), physical leaf characteristics (Nanko et al, 2013), the thickness and saturation of the canopy (Nanko et al, 2008a) and the spatial variation between crown positions under a single tree (Nanko et al, 2011) or within tree stands (Nanko et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Throughfall isotopic composition in relation to drop size at the intra-event scale in a Mediterranean Scots pine stand

Pinos

Latron

Nanko

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. The major fraction of water reaching the forest floor is throughfall, which consists of free throughfall, splash throughfall and canopy drip. Research has shown that forest canopies modify the isotopic composition of throughfall by means of evaporation, isotopic exchange, canopy selection and mixing of rainfall waters. However, the effects of these factors in relation to throughfall isotopic composition and the throughfall drop size reaching the soil surface are unclear. Based on research in a mountainous Scots pine stand in northeastern Spain, this study sought to fill this knowledge gap by examining the isotopic composition of throughfall in relation to throughfall drop size. In the experimental stand, throughfall consisted on average of 65 % canopy drip, 19 % free throughfall and 16 % splash throughfall. The dynamics of the isotopic composition of throughfall and rainfall showed complex behavior throughout events. The isotopic shift showed no direct relationship with meteorological variables, number of drops, drop velocities, throughfall and rainfall amount, or raindrop kinetic energy. However, the experiment did reveal that the isotopic shift was higher at the beginning of an event, decreasing as cumulative rainfall increased, and that it also increased when the median volume drop size of throughfall (D50_TF) approached or was lower than the median volume drop size of rainfall (D50_RF). This finding indicates that the major contribution of splash throughfall at the initial phase of rain events matched the highest vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and at the same time corresponded with higher isotopic enrichment, which implies that splash droplet evaporation occurred. Future applications of our approach will improve understanding of how throughfall isotopic composition may vary with drop type and size during rainfall events across a range of forest types.

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“…Rainfall is the main source of water for tropical dry forests and essential to understand its relation to the hydrological processes of these regions. Vegetation intercepts the raindrops that would otherwise directly reach the forest soil and modifies both the temporal distribution of rainfall [1] and droplet characteristics, such as size, number, and volume [2]. A better understanding of rainfall interactions with vegetation enables model development on ecohydrological processes and supports the better management of natural resources [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Upon a rainfall event on a vegetated surface, the rain is partitioned into three components: interception-rainfall retained by the vegetation cover that is evaporated back into the atmosphere [4,6], stemflow-flow along the tree stem that conveys water to the root area, an important process during the dryer periods [7], and throughfall-rainfall that reaches the soil with no contact with the vegetation and leaf drip from the canopy [1,2,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canopy Effects on Rainfall Partition and Throughfall Drop Size Distribution in a Tropical Dry Forest

et al. 2022

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The energy distribution of natural rainfall droplets at different stages of canopy development in low-latitude semi-arid environments is still understudied. We assessed relationships between canopy development, gross rainfall (P) and throughfall (TF) characteristics in a tropical dry forest (TDF) with a total of 95 events of natural rain during December 2019–July 2021, in Northeast Brazil. One disdrometer was installed in an open field to record the gross rainfall and another under the deciduous vegetation canopy to record the throughfall. At the onset of the rainy season with a low leaf density, a larger fraction of rainfall was converted into throughfall, which declines as the leaf density increases. For events higher than 3 mm, the number of TF drops was always higher than that of P and with smaller diameters, regardless of the stage of canopy development, which indicates fragmenting of the rain drops by the vegetation canopy. The insights of this study are useful to quantify the impact of canopy development stages of a TDF on the characteristics of rainfall reaching the soil forest. Since those characteristics affect the water balance and soil erosion at the hillslope scale, the information provided is crucial for water and soil management.

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Characterization of differential throughfall drop size distributions beneath European beech and Norway spruce

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

Evaluating the Influence of Rain Event Characteristics on Rainfall Interception by Urban Trees Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis

Evaluating the Influence of Rain Event Characteristics on Rainfall Interception by Urban Trees Using Multiple Correspondence Analysis

Throughfall isotopic composition in relation to drop size at the intra-event scale in a Mediterranean Scots pine stand

Canopy Effects on Rainfall Partition and Throughfall Drop Size Distribution in a Tropical Dry Forest

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