Characterization of dissolved organic carbon in rainwater of an urban/coastal site in Mediterranean area

Pantelaki, Ioanna; Papatzelou, A.; Balla, Dimitra; Papageorgiou, Alexandros; Voutsa, Dimitra

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.01.339

Cited by 35 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…4a and b, the concentration of DOC and DIC in the rainwater generally decreased with a single rainfall amount. Similar relationships between the dissolved carbon concentration and rainfall amount have also been found at other sites (HeartsillScalley et al, 2007;Pantelaki et al, 2018;Santos et al, 2013). However, DOC concentrations can be more or less associated with a smaller rainfall amount during a single event (Fig.…”

Section: Statistical Analysessupporting

confidence: 82%

Characteristics of wet dissolved carbon deposition in a semi-arid catchment at the Loess Plateau, China

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Wet dissolved carbon deposition is a critical node of the global carbon cycle, but little is known about dissolved organic and inorganic carbon (DOC and DIC) concentrations and fluxes in the semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau Region (LPR). In this study, we measured variations in DOC and DIC concentrations in rainfalls at Yangjuangou Ecological Restoration and Soil and Water Observatory. Rainwater samples were collected in 16 rainfall events from July to September and the event-based, monthly concentrations and fluxes of DOC and DIC were quantified. The results showed that the event-based concentrations and fluxes of DOC and DIC were highly variable, ranging from 0.56 to 28.71 mg C L −1 and from 3.47 to 17.49 mg C L −1 , respectively. The corresponding event-based fluxes ranged from 0.21-258.36 mg C m −2 and from 4.12 to 42.32 mg C m −2 . The monthly concentrations of DOC and DIC were 24.62 and 4.30 (July), 3.58 and 10.52 (August), and 1.01 and 5.89 (September) mg C L −1 , respectively. Thus, the monthly deposition fluxes of DOC and DIC were 541.64/94.60, 131.03/385.03, and 44.44/259.16 mg C m −2 for July, August, and September, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of DOC and DIC for the concentrated rainfall season (July-September) in the studied catchment were 7.06 and 7.00 mg C L −1 , respectively. The estimated annual wet dissolved carbon depositions were 1.91 and 1.89 g C m −2 yr −1 for DOC and DIC, respectively. The results of this study suggest the variation in concentrations and fluxes of DOC and DIC and explore that these variation may be related to the dissolved carbon source and the rainfall characteristics during the concentrated rainfall season in the semi-arid catchment of the LPR. Furthermore, these results also suggest that dissolved carbon may be an important external input of carbon into terrestrial ecosystems.

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Section: Statistical Analysessupporting

confidence: 82%

Characteristics of wet dissolved carbon deposition in a semi-arid catchment at the Loess Plateau, China

et al. 2018

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“…The FTIR spectra (4000-400 cm −1 ) were recorded at room temperature using a Nicolet iS10 FTIR spectrometer (Thermo, USA), and each spectrum was obtained after 64 scans with 4 cm −1 resolution. To describe the aging behavior of the BB BrC, some useful optical parameters, including the specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA 254 ) (Fan et al, 2016), the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) (Fan et al, 2016;Cheng et al, 2016;Huo et al, 2018;Park and Yu, 2016), mass absorption efficiencies (MAE 365 ) (Chen et al, 2016a;Fan et al, 2016;Huo et al, 2018;Park and Yu, 2016), and the humification index (HIX) (Qin et al, 2018), were comparatively analyzed. Their calculation protocols are described in detail in Sect.…”

Section: Analytical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Atmospheric BrC arises from multiple sources, including biomass burning (BB), coal combustion, and secondary atmospheric chemical reactions (Bond, 2004;Chen et al, 2018;Fan et al, 2018;Hecobian et al, 2010;Saleh et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2018). Among them, BB is believed to be one of the important sources (Chen and Bond, 2010;Fan et al, 2016Huo et al, 2018;Park and Yu, 2016). Recently, primary BB BrC has been widely studied, which has provided deep insights into its BB source-dependent chemical and optical properties (Fan et al, 2016(Fan et al, , 2018Park and Yu, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, BB is believed to be one of the important sources (Chen and Bond, 2010;Fan et al, 2016Huo et al, 2018;Park and Yu, 2016). Recently, primary BB BrC has been widely studied, which has provided deep insights into its BB source-dependent chemical and optical properties (Fan et al, 2016(Fan et al, , 2018Park and Yu, 2016). Moreover, both laboratory and field studies have demonstrated that atmospheric aging processes will lead to a transformation of the chemical composition and optical properties of BB BrC once it is emitted into the atmosphere (Fan et al, 2019;Pillar et al, 2014Pillar et al, , 2015Pillar et al, , 2017Saleh et al, 2013;Schnitzler and Abbatt, 2018;Sumlin et al, 2017;Wong et al, 2017Wong et al, , 2019Zhong and Jang, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The evolutionary behavior of chromophoric brown carbon during ozone aging of fine particles from biomass burning

Fan

Cao

et al. 2020

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) emits large amounts of brown carbon (BrC); however, the evolutionary behavior of BrC in BB emissions (BB BrC) resulting from complex atmospheric processes is poorly understood. In this study, the transformation of contents and the chromophoric characteristics of BrC in smoke particles emitted by the burning of rice straw (RS), corn straw (CS), and pinewood (PW) under O3 aging are investigated. The O3 aging induced the reduction of light absorption and fluorescence for the BB BrC, suggesting the decomposition of chromophores and fluorophores. These changes were accompanied by a decrease in aromaticity, average molecular weight, and the light absorption capacity for the chromophores, as well as an increase in humification for the fluorophores. The excitation emission matrix combined with a parallel factor analysis revealed that protein-like components (C3) were predominantly decomposed by O3 aging, while the relative distribution of a humic-like component with highly oxygenated chromophores (C4) gradually increased. In general, the humic-like substances (C1 + C2 + C4) were transformed to be the most abundant fluorophores for all the BB BrC samples, which accounted for 84 %–87 % of the total fluorophores in final O3-aged BB BrC. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) was performed on the synchronous fluorescence, which suggested that the RS and CS BrC exhibits the same susceptible fluorophores changes upon O3 aging. It showed that O3 firstly reacted with protein-like fractions (263–289 nm) and then with fulvic-like fractions (333–340 nm). In comparison, the changing sequence of susceptible fluorophores in the PW BrC to O3 was in the order of fulvic-like fluorophores with shorter wavelengths (309 nm), protein-like fluorophores (276 nm), and fulvic-like fluorophores with longer wavelengths (358 nm). The 2D-FTIR-COS (2D-COS combined with FTIR) analysis showed conjugated C=O and aromatic C=C and C=O groups were the most susceptible functional groups to O3 aging for all BB BrC. Moreover, it also revealed a consistent sequential change, which is in the order of aromatic OH; conjugated C=O groups and aromatic C=O; aromatic COO−; and finally lignin-derived C–C, C–H, and C–O groups. Our results provide new insights into the evolutionary behavior of the chromophoric and fluorescent properties of BB BrC during O3 aging, which are of great significance for better understanding the heterogeneous oxidation pathways of BB-derived BrC in the atmospheric environment.

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“…According to Noda's rule and the signs of the cross-peaks given in Table S2, the order of fluorophores changes are (">" means prior to): 267 nm > 289 nm > 333 nm for the RS-BrC, 263 nm > 284 nm > 340 nm for the CS-BrC, and 309 nm > 276 nm > 358 nm for the PW-BrC. The fluorescence regions in the wavelength ranges of 250 to 300 nm and 300 to 380 nm are 25 usually attributed to protein-like and fulvic-like fluorophores, respectively (Chen et al, 2015;Jin et al, 2018;Pantelaki et al, 2018). It is obvious that the RS-and CS-BrC exhibited the same susceptible fluorophore changes upon O3 aging, showing that the oxidation of the protein-like fraction (263-289 nm) occurred earlier than that of the fulvic-like fraction (333-340 nm).…”

Section: D-cos Combined With Fluorescence and Ftir Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolutionary behavior of chromophoric brown carbon during ozone aging of fine particles from biomass burning

Fan¹,

Cao²,

Yu³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Biomass burning (BB) emits large amounts of brown carbon (BrC), however, little is known about the evolutionary behavior of BrC produced by BB (BB-BrC) in atmospheric processes. In this study, the transformation of levels and the chromophoric characteristics of BrC in smoke particles emitted by the burning of rice straw (RS), corn straw (CS) and pine wood (PW) under O3 aging are investigated. The O3 aging induced the reduction of light absorption and fluorescence for the BB-BrC, suggesting the decomposition of chromophores and fluorophores. These changes were accompanied by a decrease of aromaticity, average molecular weight and the light absorption capacity for the chromophores, and an increase of humification for the fluorophores. The excitation emission matrix combined with a parallel factor analysis revealed that protein-like components (C3) were predominantly decomposed by O3 aging, while the relative distribution of a humic-like component with highly oxygenated chromophores (C4) gradually increased. In general, the humic-like substances (C1+C2+C4) were transformed to be the most abundant fluorophores for all the BB-BrC samples, which accounted for 84&#8201;%&#8211;87&#8201;% of the total fluorophores in final O3-aged BB-BrC. Two dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) was performed on the synchronous fluorescence, which suggested that the RS- and CS- BrC exhibits the same susceptible fluorophores changes upon O3 aging. It showed that O3 firstly reacted with protein-like fractions (263&#8211;289 nm), and then with fulvic-like fractions (333&#8211;340&#8201;nm). In comparison, the changing sequence of susceptible fluorophores in the PW-BrC to O3 were in the order of fulvic-like with shorter wavelengths (309&#8201;nm) > protein-like fluorophores (276&#8201;nm) > fulvic-like fluorophores with longer wavelengths (358&#8201;nm). The 2D-FTIR-COS analysis showed conjugated C=O and aromatic C=C and C=O groups were the most susceptible functional groups to O3 aging for all BB-BrC. Moreover, it also revealed a consistent sequential changes, which is in the order of aromatic OH, conjugated C=O groups and aromatic C=O, aromatic COO&#8722;, and finally lignin-derived C-C, C-H and C-O groups. Our results provide new insights into the evolutionary behavior of the chromophoric and fluorescent properties of BB-BrC during O3 aging. They have important implications for the heterogeneous oxidation of BB emission to form BrC, and are of great significance for improving the accuracy of climate models and source apportionment models parameterized by the optical properties of BrC.

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Characterization of dissolved organic carbon in rainwater of an urban/coastal site in Mediterranean area

Cited by 35 publications

References 45 publications

Characteristics of wet dissolved carbon deposition in a semi-arid catchment at the Loess Plateau, China

Characteristics of wet dissolved carbon deposition in a semi-arid catchment at the Loess Plateau, China

The evolutionary behavior of chromophoric brown carbon during ozone aging of fine particles from biomass burning

The evolutionary behavior of chromophoric brown carbon during ozone aging of fine particles from biomass burning

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