Characterization of drinking groundwater quality in rural areas of Inner Mongolia and assessment of human health risks

Zhao, Chen; Zhang, Xingguang; Fang, Xin; Zhang, Nan; Xu, Xiaoqian; Li, Lehui; Liu, Yan; Su, Xiong; Yuan, Xia

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113360

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The chemical parameters were also analyzed and the pH for the six water samples was observed to meet the predetermined standard with values ranging from 6.56 to 6.75. This is due to the fact that good drinking water is expected to range between 6 and 9 (WHO, 2011;Zhao et al, 2022) with those having less than 6 or greater than 9 perceived to be containing different chemical components that are detrimental to health. This is consistent with the opinion of Islam et al (2017) that drinking water needs to have a pH range of 6.5-8.5 in order to meet Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of infiltration water, the interaction between water and soil, and the rocks in contact with it in the unsaturated zone all have a significant impact on groundwater quality (Batabyal and Chakraborty, 2015;Gil-Doménech et al, 2018). Groundwater quality is also influenced by topography, lithology, hydrology, and climate (Zhao et al, 2022). Another researcher examined the drinking water quality of shallow groundwater in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Analysis of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purposes: A Case Study of Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar Area

Nanda

Rahmi

Bancong

2022

jcef

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The use of groundwater for drinking purposes is increasing along with population growth and the wider range of human activities that require water. Groundwater is used more often because it is more accessible than surface water. The quality of groundwater suitable for consumption as drinking water must pass physical, chemical and biological parameter tests. This study aims to analyze the comparison of groundwater quality at depths of 30 and 100 meters in the area of the Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar and determine its suitability as drinking water based on physical, chemical, and biological parameters. This research is an experimental study with water sampling collected at two different locations: 30-meter and 100-meter depth wells. In each well, sampling was carried out three times so that there were six total water samples analyzed in total. Data collection was carried out by observation and laboratory tests. Observations were made by looking directly at groundwater conditions to measure parameters such as odor, color, temperature, and pH, while other parameters were tested in the laboratory. The data analysis results showed differences in the values of the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of groundwater taken at a depth of 30 meters and 100 meters. However, the two samples are still within the standard’s allowable range of values. This study concluded that groundwater at a depth of 100 meters in the Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar area has better water quality than groundwater at a depth of 30 meters. Therefore, if groundwater at a depth of 30 meters is to be used as drinking water with good quality, it must undergo specific treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Analysis of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purposes: A Case Study of Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar Area

Nanda

Rahmi

Bancong

2022

jcef

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“…As suggested by the US EPA (1989), this study assessed only the non‐carcinogenic risk. The non‐carcinogenic risk was calculated by using Equations 2 and 3 (Kashyap et al 2018; Ravindra and Mor 2019; Zhao et al 2022):

CDI = false(c \times IR \times EF \times ED false) / false(BW \times AT false)

Where CDI denotes the daily average exposure dosage, mg/(kg × day); c and IR are the concentration of the pollutant (mg/L) and the drinking water intake rate (L/day); EF and ED are the exposure frequency (day/year) and the exposure duration (year); BW and AT ( AT = ED × 365) are the body weight (kg) and the average exposure time (day). According to the recommendations from technical guidelines (Ministry of Ecology and Environmental Protection of the P.R.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Health Risk Assessment of Elevated Fe and Mn Intake in Groundwater in Yangtze Catchment

Tan

Zhang

et al. 2023

Groundwater

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Globally, it has been reported that groundwater contains elevated levels of Fe and Mn. However, the risk of prolonged exposure to groundwater with elevated Fe and Mn was often ignored due to their much lower carcinogenic risk. To assess the human health risk of elevated Fe and Mn intake in groundwater, 1863 groundwater samples from the Yangtze catchment, a densely populated and economically prosperous area of China, were collected in this study. The spatial distributions of Fe and Mn in groundwater were investigated by the geographic information system (GIS) and their health risk assessment was done. The results indicated that 38.6% and 50.3% of the groundwater samples were defined as “elevated/high” levels for Fe and Mn, respectively, exceeding 0.3 and 0.1 mg/L (World Health Organization guidelines). Moreover, in the groundwater of Yangtze Catchment, the order of Fe and Mn contents is followed by upper< middle< lower. Based on the calculated hazard index (HI), HIadult and HIchild were in a range of 0‐4.91 and 0‐11.07, respectively. There was an area of 3,483 and 35,523 km2 with a non‐carcinogenic risk from Fe and Mn, correspondingly. The numbers of affected adults and children were about 3,018,066 and 2,775,007, respectively. It means that 0.20% and 2.00% of the study area or 0.64% and 0.59% of the total population will suffer health risks from Fe and Mn intake in groundwater, respectively. Therefore, a significant basis for groundwater safety in the Yangtze catchment and similar areas was provided in this study.

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“…Value THI > 4 of cumulative noncarcinogenic multiple contaminants from water indicate a high health risk, 4 > THI > 1 indicate a medium health risk, 0.1 < THI < 1 a low health risk, and for THI < 0.1 there is no health risk for the population [ 66 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Shallow Groundwater Quality at Regional Scales Using Adaptive Water Quality Indices

Brețcan

Tanislav

Rădulescu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Groundwater, which is the main source of water for human consumption in many rural areas, has its quality determined by the complex interaction of environmental factors and anthropogenic activities. The present study evaluated the quality of shallow groundwater (1 to 25 m depth) in the rural area of the Târgovişte Plain, a densely populated area (200 inhabitants/km2) using 80 water samples collected from public wells. In order to explain the spatial distribution of the concentrations of the 19 physicochemical parameters considered (including heavy metals), the evaluation of groundwater quality for human consumption and potential impact on human health was conducted using the Water Quality Index (WQI), Integrated Weight Water Quality Index (IwWQI), Total Hazard Index (THI), and cumulative carcinogenic risk (CCR). For the WQI/IwWQI the comparative analysis of the two indices showed that for the WQI, it is important to select an optimal set of parameters, because use of a large number of physicochemical parameters can eclipse the values that exceed WHO guideline limits. In contrast, the use of entropy in the calculation of the IwWQI did not lead to eclipsing of exceedance, no matter the number of parameters used. Areas with poor and very poor groundwater quality according to the WQI/IwWQI overlapped, with a moderate risk to human health (THI > 1) for noncarcinogenic contaminants and also a risk of developing cancer according to the CCR average value (1.15 × 10−2). The health of 43% of the rural population in the Târgovişte Plain can be affected if they drink contaminated groundwater, and it is estimated that about 600 people can develop cancer during their lifetime. If the risk of developing cancer is reduced only in the rural population that does not have access to a water source from a centralized and verified network, the results suggest that 385 people (1.15%) can develop cancer as a result of consuming groundwater contaminated with heavy metals based on the average value of CCR. This value is lower than the general mortality rate in areas with high CCR and below the average number of cancer patients in Romania (2.65%). The quality of groundwater and the risk of developing diseases and cancer due to water consumption is directly proportional to the intensity of agricultural land use and inversely proportional to the depth of the groundwater layer, the distance from the main hydrographic network and the reservoirs, and the distance from the main city, Târgovişte. The complex and integrated analysis of groundwater quality using quality indices and indicators of health risk for the population, validated by hot-spot analysis and compared to the mortality rate, is an approach with practical applicability. This integrated approach allows public authorities, policymakers, and health services to implement an efficient monitoring program and optimize anthropogenic activities in order to prevent groundwater contamination and finally improve the quality of life for the residents in the area of this study.

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Characterization of drinking groundwater quality in rural areas of Inner Mongolia and assessment of human health risks

Cited by 31 publications

References 89 publications

The Analysis of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purposes: A Case Study of Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar Area

The Analysis of Groundwater Quality for Drinking Purposes: A Case Study of Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar Area

Human Health Risk Assessment of Elevated Fe and Mn Intake in Groundwater in Yangtze Catchment

Evaluation of Shallow Groundwater Quality at Regional Scales Using Adaptive Water Quality Indices

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