Characterization of eco-friendly processing aids for rubber compound

Dasgupta, Sudip; Agrawal, S. L.; Bandyopadhyay, S.; Chakraborty, Sugata; Mukhopadhyay, R.; Malkani, R. K.; Ameta, Suresh C.

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2007.01.007

Cited by 79 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Epoxidized vegetable oils (EVO) can be used as processing aids for elastomers. [6][7] The unsaturated double bonds of vegetable oils rich in oleic, linoleic and linolenic acyl groups easily converted into the more reactive oxirane moiety by reaction with peracids or peroxides, which have formed in situ. [8] Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oil for diesel engines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Vegetable Oils as Processing Aids in SBR Compounds

Pechurai

Chiangta

Tharuen

2015

Macromolecular Symposia

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Summary: This research was studied on the cure characteristics and mechanical properties of rubber compounds using vegetable oil as the processing aid in styrene butadiene rubber compound such as castor oil and jatropha oil in comparison with petroleum based aromatic oil. The quantities of the oils varied from 0 to 9 phr. The study showed that the cure characteristics in terms of maximum torque and torque difference tended to decrease with increasing concentrations of oils, while scorch time and cure rate index increased. Moreover, hardness and 100% modulus tended to decrease as increasing loading levels of the oils in the SBR vulcanizates while elongation at break increased. However, tensile strength was not significantly affected. For using the vegetable oils, we found that abrasion resistance and rebound resilience were better than those of aromatic oil, and also displayed high hardness. It could be concluded that the vegetable oils were better alternative processing aids compared to aromatic oil, which has been reported as carcinogenic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Vegetable Oils as Processing Aids in SBR Compounds

Pechurai

Chiangta

Tharuen

2015

Macromolecular Symposia

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“…Physical properties, such as the pour point of benzyl ester, were determined according to ASTM D-97 methods. 8 The aniline point is the minimum temperature for complete miscibility of equal volumes of aniline (C 6 H 7 N) and of the sample tested. An oil with high aniline point tends to have high paraffin but low aromatic and naphthenic contents.…”

Section: Characterization Of Benzyl Estermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The chemical and physical properties of 10 naturally occurring oils (i.e., rubber seed, neem, dolma, soybean, alsi, kurunj, sesamum, mustard, ground nut, and castor oils), and six petroleum-based oils (i.e., aromatic oil, paraffinic oil, naphthenic oil, low polycyclic aromatics (PCA) oil, power oil TDAE-A, and power oil TDAE-B) were investigated in prior work. [8][9][10] It was found that the naturally occurring oils were suitable in rubber compounding with even lower PCA contents than the low PCA oils MES and TDAE. Furthermore, some of the natural oils are among the best alternative processing aids for rubber compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, rubber seed, neem, dolma, and castor oils showed better processing characteristics, polymer-filler interactions, and filler dispersion properties, than the conventional rubber processing oil. [8][9][10] Since most of the vegetable oils contain unsaturated structures, they are expected to affect cross-linking reactions in rubber compounds according to their degree of unsaturation. It was found that soybean, palm, and sunflower oils are better alternative processing aids than petroleum-based aromatic oils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benzyl Esters of Vegetable Oils as Processing Oil in Carbon Black–Filled SBR Compounding: Chemical Modification, Characterization, and Performance

et al. 2015

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Three different types of benzyl ester were synthesized from vegetable oils (i.e., coconut oil, palm oil, and soybean oil). They were then utilized in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) compound reinforced with carbon black. First, the benzyl esters were investigated by varying the molar ratio of fatty acids in vegetable oil to benzyl alcohol, the catalyst concentration, the reaction time, and the reaction temperature, observing the yield of benzyl ester. Then SBR was compounded with the benzyl esters, observing cure characteristics, mechanical properties, and morphologies of the SBR compounds, with the control compound containing conventional aromatic oil. The highest 96% yield of benzyl ester was obtained with palm oil fatty acid. Furthermore, the benzyl ester oils consumed less energy during processing but gave comparable carbon black dispersion, in comparison with the conventional aromatic oil. C

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“…It means that the content of PCA must be less than 3% and the total content of the eight specific PCAs mentioned previously has to be less than 10 g/g, including benzopyrene, which is less than 1 g/g. As a result of the high standard requirement from the EU, there has been exploration in the application of other kinds of rubber extender oils instead of high aromatic rubber extender oils (Dasgupta et al, 2007(Dasgupta et al, , 2008. However, previous studies indicated that naphthenic rubber extender oils and paraffinic rubber extender oils were not suitable for styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) of the tire (Gao et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of the Polycyclic Aromatic to Produce Eco-friendly Aromatic-rich Rubber Extender Oils

Lü

Hong-xia

Yin

2012

Petroleum Science and Technology

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Polycyclic aromatic (PCA) hydrocarbon-rich extender oils were to be banned by December 2009, which gave rise to challenges for the oil and rubber industries. In the present work, removal PCA from distillate aromatic extracts (DAE) by absorption and solvent extraction were studied. When the ratio of solvent-sample was 8:1, 81.2% PCA in DAE was removed by three-stage countercurrent extraction using dimethyl sulfoxide as the extractant, which simulated industrial continuous flowsheet. Using the extraction-absorption processing, the content of PCA in DAE was further decreased to 2.93%. The properties of the oil sample after removal PCA accorded with the requirements of eco-friendly aromatic-rich rubber extender oil.

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Characterization of eco-friendly processing aids for rubber compound

Cited by 79 publications

References 4 publications

Effect of Vegetable Oils as Processing Aids in SBR Compounds

Effect of Vegetable Oils as Processing Aids in SBR Compounds

Benzyl Esters of Vegetable Oils as Processing Oil in Carbon Black–Filled SBR Compounding: Chemical Modification, Characterization, and Performance

Removal of the Polycyclic Aromatic to Produce Eco-friendly Aromatic-rich Rubber Extender Oils

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