Characterization of embryonic oxygen consumption of two broiler chicken lines differing in body fat content

Liu, Z.; McBride, B. W.; Lirette, A.; Chambers, J. R.

doi:10.4141/cjas95-015

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The MRI and image reconstruction technique is also useful for assessing body composition (Scollan et al, 1993), NMR offers a non-invasive, in vivo and sequential approach to monitoring the in uence of genotype (Liu et al, 1995), nutritional and environmental factors on the growth and development of speci c organs and tissues and composition of the body. Until now, the use of NMR in animal studies has been limited, probably because of the low availability of suitable facilities and the high cost of using them.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging as a tool to estimate the mass of the Pectoralis muscle of chickens in vivo

Scollan

Caston²,

Liu³

et al. 1998

British Poultry Science

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1. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to assess the advantages of the technique in determining the size (volume) and shape of the Pectoralis muscle (Pectoralis major and minor) in broiler chickens, non-invasively and in vivo. 2. The imaging was performed using a Spectroscopy Imaging System 2.0 Tesla/31 cm bore imaging spectrometer. Three-dimensional reconstruction of transverse images was used to estimate the size of the Pectoralis muscle of chickens ranging in body weight from 362 to 1643 g. 3. Regression analysis resulted in R2 values of 0.92 and 0.99 for the relationship between Pectoralis muscle weight, body weight and muscle volume, respectively. 4. It is concluded that MRI and 3-dimensional image reconstruction may be used to estimate the Pectoralis muscle size and shape. This may be readily extended to monitor the influence of various factors on the growth and development of specific organs and tissues in the body.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging as a tool to estimate the mass of the Pectoralis muscle of chickens in vivo

Scollan

Caston²,

Liu³

et al. 1998

British Poultry Science

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“…Maxwell et al [22] and Witzel [18] concluded that BW at 8 weeks of age was correlated with embryonic O 2 consumption on day 14-19 of incubation. Jones [12] reported an improvement in feed conversion ratio and an increase in BW of 8% when oxygen content within the hatching cabinet was maintained at 23%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rapid growth increases the oxygen requirement, cardiac output, and blood flow and may result in increased pulmonary arterial pressure primarily by increasing the metabolic demand for oxygen [14,16,36]. Chicken embryos grow rapidly over the last 7 d of incubation [18] resulting in a 60% increase in the oxygen consumption during the interval between the start of breathing and hatching [34]. Therefore, hypoxia, known to be involved in the occurrence of the ascites syndrome, could arise in the chick embryo during the interval between internal pipping and hatching [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oxygen supplementation during the last stage of incubation on broiler performance, ascites susceptibility and some physiological traits

et al. 2006

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-The present study was conducted to determine the possible use of supplemental oxygen treatment during the last 3 days of incubation on broiler performance, ascites susceptibility and some physiological traits. On the 18th day of incubation, fertile eggs were divided into two groups. From 18 to 21 d, the eggs were placed in two hatcher cabinets: one being a control at normal atmospheric conditions, 20.9 ± 0.5% at 754 ± 2 mm Hg and the other supplemented with oxygen at 23.0 ± 0.5%. Oxygen supplementation had a significant effect on initial chick weight. At 6 weeks of age, body weight, growth rate, and feed consumption increased as partial pressure of O 2 rose from 20.9 to 23.0%. Feed conversion ratio decreased with the increasing partial pressure of oxygen. In the present study, general mortality and mortality due to ascites did not differ between the groups. At 5 weeks of age, oxygen supplementation did not cause significant changes in RBC (red blood cell count), Hb (hemoglobin) and Glucose. However, PCV (hematocrit) increased significantly as the partial pressure O 2 rose from 20.9 to 23.0%. There were no differences in the right ventricle, left ventricle + septum, total ventricle and RV:TV (right ventricle:total ventricle) ratio between the oxygen supplemented and control group. mortalité en général et la mortalité due à l'ascite en particulier n'ont pas différé entre les groupes. A cinq semaines d'âge, l'apport d'oxygène n'a provoqué aucun changement significatif pour la numération des globules rouges, le taux d'hémoglobine et de glucose. Toutefois, l'hématocrite a été sensiblement augmenté lorsque la pression partielle d'O 2 est passée de 20,9 à 23,0 %. Aucune différence significative n'a été observée entre les deux groupes pour le poids du ventricule droit, le poids du ventricule gauche + septum interventriculaire, le poids ventriculaire total et le rapport du poids du ventricule droit au poids ventriculaire total (VD/VT). apport d'oxygène / ascite / ascite d'origine cardiaque / paramètres physiologiques / poulet de chair

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“…On the one hand, broilers have a high rate of protein accretion [high synthesis and low degradation (Muramatsu et al, 1990)], and it has been shown that fast-growing chickens have relatively larger livers (Konarzewski et al, 2000). On the other hand, layers grow slower but have higher rates of fat deposition, as indicated by the high levels of circulating very low density lipoproteins (Whitehead and Griffin, 1984;Liu et al, 1995), and these traits are pivotal to their high egg productivity. Thus, it is likely that the significant effects on liver embryonic growth observed in domesticated strains indicate that, already at an early age, the embryo is dependent on the capability of the liver to handle metabolic substrates.…”

Section: Brain and Liver Growth Are Differentially Affected By Hypoximentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of organ growth to chronically low oxygen levels during incubation in Red Junglefowl and domesticated chicken breeds

Lindgren

Altimiras

2011

Poultry Science

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Genetic selection programs have imposed large phenotypic changes in domesticated chicken breeds that are also apparent during embryonic development. Broilers, for example, have a faster growth rate before hatching in comparison with White Leghorns, indicating that the allocation of resources toward different functions already begins before hatching. Therefore, we hypothesized that embryonic organ growth would follow different developmental trajectories and would be differentially affected by an oxygen shortage during incubation. Heart, brain, and liver growth were studied in broiler, White Leghorn, and Red Junglefowl embryos at embryonic (E) ages E11, E13, E15, E18, and E20, and the results were fitted to growth allometric equations to determine the degree of organ stunting or sparing caused by low oxygen during incubation. Hypoxia caused a 3-fold larger mortality in Red Junglefowl than in the domesticated breeds, with a similar impairment of embryonic growth of 18%, coupled with a reduction in yolk utilization of 56%. Relative brain size was not affected by hypoxia in any breed, but a substantial stunting effect was observed for the liver and heart at late embryonic ages, with marked differences between breeds. In Red Junglefowl, only the heart was stunted. In White Leghorns, only the liver was stunted, and in broilers, both organs were stunted. These results can be explained in terms of the selection pressure on long-term production traits (reproductive effort) in White Leghorns, requiring a more efficient lipid metabolism, compared with the selection pressure on shorter-term production traits (growth) in broilers, requiring overall metabolic turnover and convective nutrient delivery to all tissues. At the same time, a remarkable sparing of the heart was observed in broilers and Red Junglefowl between E11 and E15, which suggests that cardiac growth can be manipulated during embryonic development. This result could be relevant for manipulating the phenotype of the heart for management purposes at a developmental stage when the bird is most versatile and phenotypically malleable.

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Characterization of embryonic oxygen consumption of two broiler chicken lines differing in body fat content

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging as a tool to estimate the mass of the Pectoralis muscle of chickens in vivo

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging as a tool to estimate the mass of the Pectoralis muscle of chickens in vivo

Effects of oxygen supplementation during the last stage of incubation on broiler performance, ascites susceptibility and some physiological traits

Sensitivity of organ growth to chronically low oxygen levels during incubation in Red Junglefowl and domesticated chicken breeds

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