“…1 They are usually produced from naturally renewable resources with a number of excellent surface properties including emulsification, dispersion, solubilization, and foaming and wetting functions for applications in oil recycling, hydrocarbon bioremediation, and in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and detergent industries. 2 The conventional methods of biosurfactant production include liquid fermentation/extraction from microorganisms, chemical synthesis, and enzymatic synthesis. Compared to other methods, enzymatic synthesis has the advantages of simple operation, mild reaction conditions, high catalytic activity and regioselectivity, easy separation, and reuse of the immobilized enzyme.…”