Characterization of Erucamide Profiles in LLDPE Films: Depth-Profiling Attempts Using FTIR Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and Raman Microspectroscopy

Sankhe, Shilpa Y.; Janorkar, Amol V.; Hirt, Douglas E.

doi:10.1177/875608703035509

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The spectra obtained from these residues, shown as Fig. 2b,d , are in excellent agreement with that of the fatty acid amide erucamide (erucamide, cis -13-docosenamide) with major peaks at 3395, 3199, 3007, 1646, 1469, 1419, 1279 and 1117 cm −1 35 . Erucamide is typically added into the formulation of films as a slip agent and migrates to the film surface over time.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

On the detection of carbon fibre storage contamination and its effect on the fibre–matrix interface

Woodhead

Church

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Contamination caused by inappropriate carbon fibre (CF) storage may have an impact on their end use in reinforced composite materials. Due to the chemical complexity of CFs it is not easy to detect potential contaminants, especially at the early stage during manufacturing and handling. In this paper, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Surface Energy Analysis (IGC-SEA) were used to assess the surfaces of CFs stored in polyolefin zip-lock bags for possible contamination. Only after over 2 months in-bag storage, was XPS capable of detecting a minor increase in nitrogen on the CF surface while FTIR revealed the presence of fatty acid amides and fatty acids, both associated with the storage media. However neither of these techniques were sensitive enough to show significant evolution of the amount of contamination as a function of storage time. In contrast, IGC-SEA distinguished surface energy differences between CFs before and after storage. These differences were found to change as a function of storage time, which were attributed to increases in contamination amounts. Single fibre fragmentation tests indicated that the surface contamination had potential to disrupt the fibre-matrix interface. These findings provide a new method for assessing the surface contamination of CFs with potential application to other materials.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 70%

On the detection of carbon fibre storage contamination and its effect on the fibre–matrix interface

Woodhead

Church

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Migration of slip additives has been thoroughly studied for different polyolefins including low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), and polypropylene (PP) . Migration of slip additives depends on physicochemical properties of the polymer, such as crystallinity, orientation, and crosslinking .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration and performance of erucamide slip additive in high‐density polyethylene bottle caps

Dulal

Shanks

Chalmers³

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Diffusion of erucamide and their morphology on surface characteristics of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) screw caps depend on storage conditions. Erucamide performance relies on its amount, distribution, and consistency on the surface of HDPE. Specific application and removal torques can be achieved by controlling the amount of erucamide on the surface. The surface amount and the torque increased to an optimum level at 38 and 50 C within 120 hours of incubation, while they remained unchanged for lower temperatures. Erucamide diffused to the surface and formed flat plate-like crystal structures at similar time and temperature. These flatplates can slide over each other and provide the slip required to decrease the torque. An increase in contact angle demonstrated that hydrophobic hydrocarbon-chains of amide slip additives were oriented toward the air interface. An optimum surface amount of erucamide for proper sealing torque could be produced at a different combination of storage time and temperature.

show abstract

“…The effect of such additives on the slippability is, however, rarely reported in the scientific literature 1, 15, 17. The published results on this topic tend to show that the efficiency of slip agents may be reduced by the presence of polar adjacent layers, which favor their migration toward the structure inner part 15, 17–20. The migration kinetics then essentially depend on the concentration gradient, the polarity of the different layers, and the temperature 15, 17.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of polyethylene/binder/polyamide extrusion blow‐molded films. III. Slippability improvement with fatty acid amides

Poisson¹,

Hervais²,

Lacrampe³

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The slippability of packaging films has to be controlled to facilitate confectionary operations and guarantee an easy opening for filling. In the case of singlelayer polyethylene (PE) films, the addition of slip agents made of fatty acid amides such as erucamide or oleamide usually allows the tailoring of the coefficient of friction (COF) in the film to match industrial targets, which depend on the final application. The coupling of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy analysis showed that this method has a limited efficiency and may even be detrimental in the case of multilayer PE þ ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (PEgMAH) þ EVA/polyamide films. The reason is that the migration of the slip additives toward the outermost surface of the PE layer, which leads to a reduction in the COF, are strongly affected by both the existence of the adjacent layers and the presence of EVA in the PE and PEgMAH layers. Nevertheless, a proper knowledge of the effect of this perturbation allows one to reach a slippability level that is required for some confectionary operations and/or for an easy opening for filling without the degradation of the heat sealability.

show abstract

Characterization of Erucamide Profiles in LLDPE Films: Depth-Profiling Attempts Using FTIR Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and Raman Microspectroscopy

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

On the detection of carbon fibre storage contamination and its effect on the fibre–matrix interface

On the detection of carbon fibre storage contamination and its effect on the fibre–matrix interface

Migration and performance of erucamide slip additive in high‐density polyethylene bottle caps

Optimization of polyethylene/binder/polyamide extrusion blow‐molded films. III. Slippability improvement with fatty acid amides

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About