Characterization of essential oils from hyptis suaveolens leaves by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy

Abstract

Essential oils were extracted from the leaves of Hyptissuaveolens obtained from Samaru area of Zaria-Kaduna, Nigeria by hydrodistillation. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR)was carried carried-out on the essential oils and the physicochemical properties were determined using standard methods. Percentage yield of the essential oils was gotten to be 0.05.TheGC-MS analysis showed that terpenes are the major organic compound present in the essential oil which was confirmed by FTIR with the O=C-O-Cstretch functional group indicating the presence of terpenes. FTIR analysis shoewed the presences of functional groups such as esters, ethers, carboxylic acids etc which are useful in the making of soap, perfume, anaesthesia and several other things. The physicochemical analysis showedthat the essential oil has the following physicochemical properties; Iodine value 23.59+0.12g/100g, saponification 100.18+0.8mgKOH/g, Peroxide value40.00+0.02meq/kg, Acid value 3.37+0.01mgKOH/g, Ester value 34.30+1.00mg/g and free fatty acids 0.15+0.57%.