Characterization of Euplotes lynni nov. spec., E. indica nov. spec. and description of E. aediculatus and E. woodruffi (Ciliophora, Euplotidae) using an integrative approach

Abraham, Jeeva Susan; Somasundaram, Sripoorna; Maurya, Swati; Gupta, Renu; Makhija, Seema; Toteja, Ravi

doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2021.125779

Cited by 15 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Based on all the Euplotes species for which SSU rDNA sequence data are available, the present analysis corroborates the monophyly of Euplotes [44,[46][47][48][49]61]. Nevertheless, our findings revealed more well-supported phylogenetic clades than previous phylogenetic studies [50,62,63].…”

Section: The Genus Euplotes Contains Both Polyphyletic and Monophyletic Speciessupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Euplotes aediculatus and E. nobilii also form monophyletic clusters on the SSU rDNA tree as in previous studies [43]. These three species have stable morphological traits among populations, even though they have wide geographic distributions [46,47,64]. This congruence between morphological and genetic discrimination could be explained by the fact that they are well-differentiated species.…”

Section: The Genus Euplotes Contains Both Polyphyletic and Monophyletic Speciessupporting

confidence: 67%

“…By contrast, there is only one report that includes information on the genetic divergence of the CO1 gene in Euplotes, i.e., Park et al [35], who obtained the CO1 sequences of 47 spirotrichs, including five identified Euplotes species, and analyzed the intraspecific variation in two of these. Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated that phylogenetic analyses based on a single gene marker may give biased results and recommended that at least two loci should be used [18,46,51]. Therefore, in the present study we applied two loci (SSU rDNA and CO1 DNA) to shed some light on intraspecific relationships among certain Euplotes species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Euplotes may be one of the best studied ciliate genera from a morphological perspective. Furthermore, as a speciose genus, Euplotes includes more than 100 nominal species [38,[46][47][48], which provides a good opportunity to study sequence variation at the genus and species level and to explore the availability and utility of molecular markers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, Euplotes species have been identified based on their biotope, living morphology, ciliary pattern, and silver-line system. Nuclear ribosomal gene sequences, especially SSU rDNA, have also been widely used in phylogenetic analysis [46][47][48][49][50]. By contrast, there is only one report that includes information on the genetic divergence of the CO1 gene in Euplotes, i.e., Park et al [35], who obtained the CO1 sequences of 47 spirotrichs, including five identified Euplotes species, and analyzed the intraspecific variation in two of these.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Genus Euplotes (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by the Mitochondrial CO1 and Nuclear Ribosomal Genes

Wang

Hu²,

Warren

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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Nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial genes have been utilized individually or in combination to identify known species and discriminate closely related species. However, compared with metazoans, genetic diversity within the ciliate order Euplotida is poorly known. The aim of this study is to investigate how much nucleotide sequence divergence occurs within Euplotes. A total of 14 new gene sequences, comprising four SSU rDNA and 10 CO1 (including three species for the first time) were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out based on sequences of two DNA fragments from the same 27 isolates. We found that CO1 revealed a larger interspecific divergence than the SSU rRNA gene, thus demonstrating a higher resolution for separating congeners. Genetic distances differ significantly at the species level. Euplotes balteatus was revealed to have a large intraspecific variation at two loci, while E. vannus showed different levels of haplotype variability, which appeared as a polyphyletic cluster on the CO1 tree. These high genetic divergences suggest the presence of more cryptic species. By contrast, the CO1 gene showed low variability within E. raikovi, appearing as monophyletic clusters, which indicates that this species could be identified based on this gene. Conclusively, CO1 is a suitable marker for the study of genetic diversity within Euplotes, and increased taxon sampling gives an opportunity to screen relationships among members of this genus. Additionally, current data present no clear biogeographical pattern for Euplotes.

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Section: The Genus Euplotes Contains Both Polyphyletic and Monophyletic Speciessupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: The Genus Euplotes Contains Both Polyphyletic and Monophyletic Speciessupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Genus Euplotes (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by the Mitochondrial CO1 and Nuclear Ribosomal Genes

Wang

Hu²,

Warren

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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The Toxic Effects of Cu and CuO Nanoparticles on Euplotes aediculatus

et al. 2022

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Toxicology tests were carried out by choosing Cu nanoparticles (CuNPs) and CuO nanoparticles (CuONPs) as experimental materials and Euplotes aediculatus as the experimental organism. To investigate the toxicity effect and mechanism of two NPs on E. aediculatus, we determined antioxidant enzyme activity and observed morphologic changes using optical and electron microscopes, combined with the Fourier infrared spectrum technique. The results showed that the 24 h-LC 50 of CuNPs and CuONPs was 0.46 µg/L and 1.24×10 3 µg/L. The movement ability of cells was decreased and surface cilia gradually shed with CuNPs and CuONPs at 24 h-LC 50 . In addition, the cell body swelled and nally ruptured. There were varying extents of damage to the nucleus and mitochondria. With CuNPs, disappearance of nucleoli and condensation of chromatin were observed, while the mitochondria were wrinkled in an irregular shape and cristae were partially fractured. With CuONPs, changes of nucleus were not obvious, and the mitochondria were merely irregular. While neither CuNPs nor CuONPs had major effect on the ultrastructure of the membrane, some functional groups were oxidized with CuNPs, e.g. PO 2 -, C-O-C, δ(COH) of carbohydrates. The 24 h-EC 50 , 48 h-EC 50 and 72 h-EC 50 of CuNPs on E. aediculatus were 2.10×10 -3 µg/L, 7.92×10 -4 µg/L and 2.77×10 -4 µg/L. The EC 50 of CuONPs in same period was 7.20 µg/L, 0.86 µg/L and 0.19 µg/L. The above concentration of CuNPs and CuONPs could increase the activities of SOD, CAT and GPx, which were dose-dependent. The above results indicate that CuNPs and CuONPs inhibited reproduction and caused death. CuNPs were more toxic to E. aediculatus and more destructive to cell structure. Oxidative stress and destruction to cell structures may be toxic mechanisms.The E. aediculatus was more sensitive to CuNPs or CuONPs, and the value of 24 h-LC 50 was much lower than other organisms, so it can be recommended as an indicator for early monitoring in freshwater environment.

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A study on spatio-temporal variations in physicochemical parameters and ciliate community structure of three freshwater bodies from Delhi, India

Abraham,

Somasundaram,

Maurya

et al. 2024

Limnology

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The present investigation studied the spatial and temporal variation of the physicochemical parameters and their correlation with the ciliate community structure. Samples were collected from three freshwater sites viz., Okhla Bird Sanctuary (OBS), Sanjay Lake (SL) and Raj Ghat (RJ) in alternate months for one year from September 2018 to August 2019. Physicochemical parameters studied were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), water hardness (WH), chloride, sulphate, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate and ammonia. Ciliate diversity, structure and abundance were studied using various diversity indices. Multiple statistical methods such as Pearson correlation coe cients, principal component analysis (PCA) and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) were applied to analyze the data. Maximum ciliate diversity, richness and evenness were observed in the OBS site. Maximum ciliate diversity was observed from class Spirotrichea (47%), followed by Oligohymenophorea (20%), Prostomatea (16%), Phyllopharyngea (6%), Colpodea (5%), Heterotrichea (3%), Litostomatea (2%) and Karyorelictea (1%). Maximum diversity was observed during the monsoon and post monsoon season and lowest during the winter and summer season. The present study on the dynamics of the environment driven community assembly suggests that ciliates are good indicators for assessing community-level responses and can be useful in predicting the water quality as well as environmental degradation in future.

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Characterization of Euplotes lynni nov. spec., E. indica nov. spec. and description of E. aediculatus and E. woodruffi (Ciliophora, Euplotidae) using an integrative approach

Cited by 15 publications

References 81 publications

Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Genus Euplotes (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by the Mitochondrial CO1 and Nuclear Ribosomal Genes

Genetic Diversity and Phylogeny of the Genus Euplotes (Protozoa, Ciliophora) Revealed by the Mitochondrial CO1 and Nuclear Ribosomal Genes

The Toxic Effects of Cu and CuO Nanoparticles on Euplotes aediculatus

A study on spatio-temporal variations in physicochemical parameters and ciliate community structure of three freshwater bodies from Delhi, India

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