B eef is an important source of protein and is the third most consumed protein source after chicken and fish (MLA, 2018). Recently, however demand has been growing (Rusdiana et al., 2018;Greenwood, 2021;Hadi and Chung, 2022). The Indonesian government is pursuing beef cattle development as part of agricultural development initiatives to increase food security systems (Agus and Widi, 2018). The government has established a "golden triangle" that includes management, breeding, and feeding (Amam and Harsita, 2019). Bali cattle are one of Indonesia's four indigenous cattle breeds, along with Madura, Pesisir, and Aceh (Sutarno and Setyawan, 2016;Diwyanto and Priyanti, 2008). According to BPS (2020), there are currently 17 million heads of local beef cattle in Indonesia, split between a variety of breeds, with Bali cattle accounting for the largest population (34.9%). In the context of rusticity, fertility, and low calf mortality, Bali cattle breeding programme have been established (Agung et al., 2019).