Characterization of Finnish
            <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>
            Isolates by Spoligotyping

Puustinen, Kirsi; Marjamäki, Merja; Rastogi, Nalin; Sola, Christophe; Filliol, Ingrid; Ruutu, Petri; Holmström, Pekka; Viljanen, Matti K.; Soini, Hanna

doi:10.1128/jcm.41.4.1525-1528.2003

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The low percentage of new types may also be a result of increased human movements. Countries with a history of isolation have been shown to have a large number of new spoligotypes [8]. In this study two of the three new shared spoligotypes were formed between two geographically widely separated isolates (strain 42 and 107).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…It can predict transmission rate and identify dominant strains, strains with an enhanced capacity to spread, strains associated with outbreak [8], severe disease [9] and drug resistance. Spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) is one of the molecular genotyping techniques; it is fast, robust, reliable, easy to perform, and cost-effective [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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M. tuberculosis genotypic diversity and drug susceptibility pattern in HIV- infected and non-HIV-infected patients in northern Tanzania

et al. 2007

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

M. tuberculosis genotypic diversity and drug susceptibility pattern in HIV- infected and non-HIV-infected patients in northern Tanzania

et al. 2007

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“…Strains of the Haarlem (23%) and LAM (8%) families were also commonly found in Finland (19). These may reflect the strong migratory links between Finland and Sweden (http: //www.migrationinformation.org).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Western Sweden

et al. 2004

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The genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates among patients from Sweden was determined by a combination of two PCR-based techniques (spoligotyping and variable number of tandem repeats analysis). It resulted in a clustering of 23.6% of the isolates and a rate of recent transmission of 14.1%. The clustered isolates mainly belonged to the Haarlem family (23.2%), followed by the Beijing (9.8%), Latin American and Mediterranean (LAM; 8%), and East African-Indian (EAI; 6.2%) families. A comparison of the spoligotypes with those in the international spoligotyping database showed that 62.5% of the clustered isolates and 36.6% of all isolates typed were grouped into six major shared types. A comparison of the spoligotypes with those in databases for Scandinavian countries showed that 33% of the isolates belonged to an ill-defined T family, followed by the EAI (22%), Haarlem (20%), LAM (11%), Central Asian (5%), X (5%), and Beijing (4%) families. Both the highest number of cases and the proportion of clustered cases were observed in patients ages 15 to 39 years. Nearly 10% of the isolates were resistant to one or more drugs (essentially limited to isoniazid monoresistance). However, none of the strains were multidrug resistant. Data on the geographic origins of the patients showed that more than two-thirds of the clustered patients with tuberculosis were foreign-born individuals or refugees. These results are explained on the basis of both the historical links within specific countries and recently imported cases of tuberculosis into Sweden.

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“…They are reported to account for 86% of the tuberculosis isolates from Beijing, China (31), and a high proportion of isolates from Mongolia, Thailand, and South Korea (34). However, Beijing family genotype strains are relatively rare in other regions of the world, such as Finland (30) and India (25). It has been reported that Beijing family genotype strains are also common in Hong Kong (9), Malaysia (11), Vietnam (2,20,21), and Thailand (29) and might potentially become predominant strains if they are introduced into a new population (8).…”

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confidence: 99%

Distribution of the Beijing Family Genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Taiwan

2005

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To investigate the distribution of the Beijing family genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Taiwan, we collected 421 M. tuberculosis complex clinical isolates at random from four geographic regions of Taiwan and analyzed them by spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) in 2003. We found 113 resolved spoligotypes, among which we identified 28 (24.8%) clusters. One hundred eighty-seven (44.4%) isolates were Beijing family genotypes and consisted of 172 (40.9%) characteristic Beijing genotypes and 15 (3.6%) Beijing-like ones. We also found that substantially larger proportions of tuberculosis patients were infected with Beijing family genotypes in the northern (51.6%) and eastern (46.2%) regions of Taiwan, while 31.6 and 28.0% of the tuberculosis patients in the central and southern regions, respectively, were infected with these genotypes. The proportion of Beijing genotype isolates was the highest in patients below the age of 24 years (61.5%), the second highest in elderly patients over age 65 years (46.8%), and the lowest in middle-age patients between the ages of 45 and 54 years (34.0%). Geographic location and age were found by multivariate analysis to be associated with Beijing family genotypes. Antituberculosis drug resistance was found more often in Beijing family genotype strains (46.4%) than in non-Beijing family genotype strains (34.3%), with more Beijing family genotype strains being resistant to ethambutol and isoniazid. These findings suggest that M. tuberculosis Beijing family genotypes have been dominant for several decades and that they are the cause of a significant proportion of the recent transmissions of tuberculosis in Taiwan.

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Characterization of Finnish Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates by Spoligotyping

Abstract: . tuberculosis isolates by spoligotyping shows that ubiquitous spoligotypes were common, but many spoligotypes specific to Finland were also found. However, Beijing family isolates were rarely encountered, although this spoligotype is predominant in our eastern and southern neighbors.

Cited by 25 publications

References 25 publications

M. tuberculosis genotypic diversity and drug susceptibility pattern in HIV- infected and non-HIV-infected patients in northern Tanzania

M. tuberculosis genotypic diversity and drug susceptibility pattern in HIV- infected and non-HIV-infected patients in northern Tanzania

Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Western Sweden

Distribution of the Beijing Family Genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Taiwan

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