Characterization of Flavobacterium columnare from farmed infected rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) of Central Indian Himalayan region, India

Singh, Shivam; Mallik, Sumanta Kumar; Kala, Krishna; Shahi, Neetu; Pathak, Richa; Giri, Abhay Kumar; Chandra, Suresh; Pant, Kushagra; Patiyal, Rabindar Singh

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737118

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The genus Undibacterium, significantly more abundant in water samples collected in tanks where RMS was detected, is commonly found in freshwater, soil, and fish, but its pathogenicity remains unclear (Kim et al, 2014;Kämpfer et al, 2016;Lee et al, 2019). Similarly, Flavobacteria are commonly found in aquatic environments and their isolation in freshwater is correlated with aquaculture activities (Singh et al, 2021). In the present study, Flavobacteria were abundant in the water compartment of both RMS-free and RMS tanks.…”

Section: Microbiome Composition Of Rms-free and Rms Samplessupporting

confidence: 61%

“…In the present study, Flavobacteria were abundant in the water compartment of both RMS-free and RMS tanks. The reason could be addressed to the presence of fish, since this bacterial taxon is generally isolated from the skin and gills of the aquatic host (Singh et al, 2021;Terova et al, 2021). Nevertheless, together with Hafnia-Obesumbacterium, the genus Flavobacterium showed a significant enrichment in all the RMS water samples.…”

Section: Microbiome Composition Of Rms-free and Rms Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red mark syndrome: Is the aquaculture water microbiome a keystone for understanding the disease aetiology?

Bruno

Cafiso²,

Sandionigi³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Aquaculture significantly contributes to the growing demand for food worldwide. However, diseases associated with intensive aquaculture conditions, especially the skin related syndromes, may have significant implications on fish health and industry. In farmed rainbow trout, red mark syndrome (RMS), which consists of multiple skin lesions, currently lacks recognized aetiological agents, and increased efforts are needed to elucidate the onset of these conditions. Most of the past studies were focused on analyzing skin lesions, but no study focused on water, a medium constantly interacting with fish. Indeed, water tanks are environmental niches colonized by microbial communities, which may be implicated in the onset of the disease. Here, we present the results of water and sediment microbiome analyses performed in an RMS-affected aquaculture facility, bringing new knowledge about the environmental microbiomes harbored under these conditions. On the whole, no significant differences in the bacterial community structure were reported in RMS-affected tanks compared to the RMS-free ones. However, we highlighted significant differences in microbiome composition when analyzing different samples source (i.e., water and sediments). Looking at the finer scale, we measured significant changes in the relative abundances of specific taxa in RMS-affected tanks, especially when analyzing water samples. Our results provide worthwhile insight into a mostly uncharacterized ecological scenario, aiding future studies on the aquaculture built environment for disease prevention and monitoring.

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Section: Microbiome Composition Of Rms-free and Rms Samplessupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Microbiome Composition Of Rms-free and Rms Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red mark syndrome: Is the aquaculture water microbiome a keystone for understanding the disease aetiology?

Bruno

Cafiso²,

Sandionigi³

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Our findings agree with other studies that observed epithelial lifting in pompano larvae, suggesting a generalized stress response to salinity (Hugh, 2006;Harper and Wolf, 2009;Takishita et al, 2015). However, salinity is likely not the sole contributing factor of these stress-induced gill alterations as we also identified the presence of potentially pathogenic genera, that could also cause epithelial lifting (Yandi et al, 2017;Singh et al, 2021). However, epithelial lifting is a common artifact for samples fixed and stored in formalin for extended periods of time (Wolf et al, 2015).…”

Section: Gill Histopathologymentioning

confidence: 76%

Commercial production of Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) larvae at low salinity induces variable changes in whole-larvae microbial diversity, gene expression, and gill histopathology

et al. 2023

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IntroductionSalinity presents economic and technical challenges in land-based recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in the U.S. warm water marine finfish aquaculture industry. Many studies have shown euryhaline fish reared at salinities closer to their iso-osmotic salinity can yield enhanced production performance as well as potential reduced costs to farms. However, there is potential for osmotic stress in fish larvae to negatively impact larvae microbiome and innate immune system. Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) is a popular sportfish has been targeted for land-based RAS due to its impressive market value and euryhaline capacity. This study investigated the impacts of rearing Florida pompano larvae at salinities closer to their iso-osmotic salinity.Materials and methodsLarvae were cultured at 10, 20, and 30 ppt in triplicates, and larvae samples were collected for histopathology, microbiome, and whole transcriptomics analysis every three days from hatching until the time of weaning (24 days post hatch [DPH]). Water samples were also taken for microbiome analysis on every other larval sampling day. DiscussionThese changes were driven more by metamorphosis, causing an increase in expression of antioxidant genes (cat, gss, gsto1, and scara3) than by the presence of potentially pathogenic genera, which failed to induce an immune response (low or unchanged expression of downstream elements of the NOD1 or TLR5 pathways). These findings provide baseline information on Florida pompano low salinity tolerance in larviculture during early developmental stages. In addition, we have shown minimal effects on the immune system at salinities as low as 10 ppt. This work has important implications for larval health management and can be used to refine and direct future research regarding improving commercial production of warm water marine species

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“…Few of the pathogenic determinants of C. balustinum have been investigated in vitro by comparative research on virulent colony types such as haemolytic test and biofilm formation in the current study. C. balustinum's haemolytic activity, like that of F. columnare , has been observed to have higher expression and detection against the potent haemolytic agent Triton X-100 (0.2%) 36 . Hemolysin of other organisms was identified by its ability to lyse RBCs or affect the biological functioning of other cells 54 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swab samples were collected from caudal peduncle regions of the infected trout specimens. For the collection of the tissue samples (liver and kidney), the trout juveniles were euthanized at 150 mg L −1 of Ethyl-3-aminobenzoate methanesulphonate (MS 222) to bring them to humane end points 35 , 36 . Then specimens were disinfected with 70% ethanol before collecting the tissue samples for isolation of pathogenic bacteria as etiological agents for the pathological conditions and infections recorded in the study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility of Chryseobacterium balustinum RTFCP 298 isolated from diseased rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

Mallik

Pathak

Shahi

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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In this study, six isolates of Chryseobacterium balustinum were characterized from diseased rainbow trout fingerlings. The virulence characteristics, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of these isolates were investigated. The bacterium showed positive results for catalase, cytochrome oxidase, and aesculin hydrolysis, while negative results were obtained for DNase, gelatinase, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer's reaction, Simon citrate, Hydrogen sulphide, and starch hydrolysis. Amino acid metabolism analysis revealed the inability to metabolize arginine, lysine, and ornithine decarboxylase. Molecular characterization (16S rRNA) and phylogenetic analysis revealed the test isolates as C. balustinum, closely related to strain WLT (99.85% similarity) and C. balustinum P-27 (99.77%). Virulence assay indicated haemolytic activity and biofilm formation by the test bacterium. The challenge test confirmed moderate pathogenicity in rainbow trout and established Koch's postulates. The clinical manifestations of infection included fin erosion, eye and body surface haemorrhage, exophthalmia, and organ liquefaction. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of various antimicrobials ranged from 1 to > 256 µg mL−1. The novel synthetic antimicrobial peptides exhibited MICs of 8 to > 256 µg mL−1, suggesting a potential control method. These findings suggest that C. balustinum is an opportunistic pathogen with moderate pathogenicity in rainbow trout. Further research on the host–pathogen relationship is necessary to understand virulence characteristics and pathogenicity in aquaculture.

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Characterization of Flavobacterium columnare from farmed infected rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum, 1792) of Central Indian Himalayan region, India

Cited by 21 publications

References 63 publications

Red mark syndrome: Is the aquaculture water microbiome a keystone for understanding the disease aetiology?

Red mark syndrome: Is the aquaculture water microbiome a keystone for understanding the disease aetiology?

Commercial production of Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) larvae at low salinity induces variable changes in whole-larvae microbial diversity, gene expression, and gill histopathology

Pathological analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility of Chryseobacterium balustinum RTFCP 298 isolated from diseased rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss

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