Characterization of fungal dysbiosis in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Imai, Toshio; Inoüe, Ryo; Kawada, Yuki; Morita, Yasuhiro; Inatomi, Osamu; Nishida, Atsushi; Bamba, Shigeki; Kawahara, M.; Andoh, Akira

doi:10.1007/s00535-018-1530-7

Cited by 52 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In addition, we did not find significant differences in the ratio of Ascomycota to either Basidiomycota or Mortierellomycota among the three groups. We further investigated differences in fungal composition at the genus level, and found the Candida genus to be overrepresented in the CD-act (but not in the CD-rem) group, which was consistent with a Japanese study, 37 but not with a Western study of a patient with CD. 16 Candida and Aspergillus were the two most abundant genera identified in the gut in our study; however, in the Western population study mentioned before, Saccharomyces and Debaryomyces were the two most abundant genera.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Characterization of fungal and bacterial dysbiosis in young adult Chinese patients with Crohn’s disease

Qiu

Zhao

Cui

et al. 2020

Therap Adv Gastroenterol

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Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis has been described in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but data from China are limited. In this study, we performed molecular analysis of the fecal microbial community from 20 healthy Chinese subjects and 25 patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), and evaluated associations with bacterial and fungal compositions. Decreased richness and diversity of bacterial composition was observed in the CD group compared with healthy (H) subjects. Significant structural differences in bacterial (but not fungal) composition among healthy controls and CD patients were found. A reduction in Firmicutes and Actinobacteria abundance, and overrepresentation of Proteobacteria were observed in the CD patients compared with the H group. The Escherichia-Shigella genus was overrepresented in the CD group, whereas Faecalibacterium, Gemmiger, Bifidobacterium, Romboutsia, Ruminococcus, Roseburia, and Fusicatenibacter abundance were decreased in the CD group compared with H subjects. Differences in fungal microbiota between the H and CD groups were observed at the genus rather than at the phylum level. The Candida genus was overrepresented in the CD (active disease) group compared with the H group, whereas no difference between CD (remission) and H groups was observed. Aspergillus, unclassified_Sordariomycetes, and Penicillium genera had greater representation in the H subjects compared with the CD group. Bacterial and fungal intra- and inter-kingdom correlations were observed between the H and CD groups. Therefore, fecal bacterial and fungal microbiome communities differed considerably between H and CD patients, and between Chinese and Western populations. The role of gut microbiota in homeostasis and in gastrointestinal disorders should be investigated further.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Characterization of fungal and bacterial dysbiosis in young adult Chinese patients with Crohn’s disease

Qiu

Zhao

Cui

et al. 2020

Therap Adv Gastroenterol

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“…Inhibition of bacteria with antibiotics in mice leads to fungi expansions that were then suppressed following antibiotic cessation, which suggested a balance between gut bacteria and fungi 45 . A study found increased interactions between gut bacteria and fungi in ulcerative colitis and reduced interactions in Crohn's disease, 12 while another study argued to the contrary 46 . Although the results were controversial, they indicated imbalanced microbial network may play a crucial role in the inflamed gut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut fungal dysbiosis and altered bacterial‐fungal interaction in patients with diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome: An explorative study

Hong

Liu

Yang

et al. 2020

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Background: Little is known about intestinal fungi in IBS patients whose gut bacteria have been investigated a lot. In order to explore causal relationship between IBS and gut mycobiome, and use gut fungi to diagnose or even treat IBS, further characterization of it in IBS is required. Methods: Fifty-five diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) patients fulfilling Rome III criteria, and 16 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Fresh fecal samples were collected and used for 16s rRNA and ITS2 high-throughput sequencing. Diversity and composition of gut bacteria and fungi, as well as bacterial-fungal interactions in D-IBS patients, were characterized. Specific fungal taxa differentiating D-IBS from HC were recognized by LEfSe and RandomForest methods, and their association with clinical symptoms was assessed by Spearman's correlation. Results: Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients showed abnormal (IBS-dysbiosis) or normal (HC-like IBS) fecal bacterial structure and diversity compared with healthy controls. However, fecal fungal signatures differed absolutely between D-IBS and HC, which indicated a more susceptible alteration of gut fungi than bacteria in D-IBS. Fecal fungi showed significant correlations with IBS symptoms, especially Mycosphaerella, Aspergillus, Sporidiobolus, and Pandora which were identified to potentially differentiate D-IBS from HC. Moreover, compared with HC there were markedly declined bacterial-fungal interactions in D-IBS, in which Candida changed from negative to positive correlations with bacteria, and Eurotium changed from positive correlations to irrelevance, while Debaryomyces gained negative correlations with bacteria. Conclusions: Gut fungal dysbiosis and altered bacterial-fungal interactions were present in patients with D-IBS, and gut fungi could be used to diagnose D-IBS.

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“…In contrast the HCs had increased abundance of Saccharomyces and Sarocladium in comparison to the CD patients. Microbial dysbiosis was also observed in CD patients as evident by decreased microbial diversity and increased abundance of Enterococcus in CD patients ( 125 ). Bacterial-fungi correlations showed positive correlation between Enterococcus and Malassezia .…”

Section: Putative Pathobionts In Hla-b27 Associated Spondyloarthropatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bacterial-fungi correlations showed positive correlation between Enterococcus and Malassezia . CD patients showed a positive correlation between Ruminococcus and Sarocladium and Ustilago ( 125 ). These associations are especially interesting as these bacteria and fungi have been separately associated with various spondyloarthropathies.…”

Section: Putative Pathobionts In Hla-b27 Associated Spondyloarthropatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putative Pathobionts in HLA-B27-Associated Spondyloarthropathy

Gill

Rosenbaum

2021

Front. Immunol.

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Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a group of immune mediated inflammatory diseases with a strong association to the major histocompatibility (MHC) class I molecule, HLA-B27. Although the association between HLA-B27 and AS has been known for almost 50 years, the mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis are elusive. Over the years, three hypotheses have been proposed to explain HLA-B27 and disease association: 1) HLA B27 presents arthritogenic peptides and thus creates a pathological immune response; 2) HLA-B27 misfolding causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which activates the unfolded protein response (UPR); 3) HLA-B27 dimerizes on the cell surface and acts as a target for natural killer (NK) cells. None of these hypotheses explains SpA pathogenesis completely. Evidence supports the hypothesis that HLA-B27-related diseases have a microbial pathogenesis. In animal models of various SpAs, a germ-free environment abrogates disease development and colonizing these animals with gut commensal microbes can restore disease manifestations. The depth of microbial influence on SpA development has been realized due to our ability to characterize microbial communities in the gut using next-generation sequencing approaches. In this review, we will discuss various putative pathobionts in the pathogenesis of HLA-B27-associated diseases. We pursue whether a single pathobiont or a disruption of microbial community and function is associated with HLA-B27-related diseases. Furthermore, rather than a specific pathobiont, metabolic functions of various disease-associated microbes might be key. While the use of germ-free models of SpA have facilitated understanding the role of microbes in disease development, future studies with animal models that mimic diverse microbial communities instead of mono-colonization are indispensable. We discuss the causal mechanisms underlying disease pathogenesis including the role of these pathobionts on mucin degradation, mucosal adherence, and gut epithelial barrier disruption and inflammation. Finally, we review the various uses of microbes as therapeutic modalities including pre/probiotics, diet, microbial metabolites and fecal microbiota transplant. Unravelling these complex host-microbe interactions will lead to the development of new targets/therapies for alleviation of SpA and other HLA-B27 associated diseases.

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Characterization of fungal dysbiosis in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Cited by 52 publications

References 33 publications

Characterization of fungal and bacterial dysbiosis in young adult Chinese patients with Crohn’s disease

Characterization of fungal and bacterial dysbiosis in young adult Chinese patients with Crohn’s disease

Gut fungal dysbiosis and altered bacterial‐fungal interaction in patients with diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome: An explorative study

Putative Pathobionts in HLA-B27-Associated Spondyloarthropathy

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