Characterization of Fusarium Spp. Inciting Vascular Wilt of Tomato and Its Management by a Chaetomium-Based Biocontrol Consortium

Pothiraj, Govindan; Hussain, Zakir; Singh, Awani Kumar; Solanke, Amolkumar U.; Aggarwal, Rashmi; Ramesh, R.; Shanmugam, V.

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.748013

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The results showed that the relative abundance of Chaetomium in the healthy soils was significantly higher than in the diseased soils. Previous studies have shown that some species of Chaetomium can inhibit the plant pathogen through competition, mycoparasitism, antibiosis, and a combination of various mechanisms [ 63 , 64 , 65 ]. This taxon may serve as an important indicator of clubroot disease suppression in the cruciferous crop system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering Differences in Microbial Community Diversity between Clubroot-Diseased and Healthy Soils

Kang,

Chai,

Lin

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) is an important soilborne disease that causes severe damage to cruciferous crops in China. This study aims to compare the differences in chemical properties and microbiomes between healthy and clubroot-diseased soils. To reveal the difference, we measured soil chemical properties and microbial communities by sequencing 18S and 16S rRNA amplicons. The available potassium in the diseased soils was higher than in the healthy soils. The fungal diversity in the healthy soils was significantly higher than in the diseased soils. Ascomycota and Proteobacteria were the most dominant fungal phylum and bacteria phylum in all soil samples, respectively. Plant-beneficial microorganisms, such as Chaetomium and Sphingomonas, were more abundant in the healthy soils than in the diseased soils. Co-occurrence network analysis found that the healthy soil networks were more complex and stable than the diseased soils. The link number, network density, and clustering coefficient of the healthy soil networks were higher than those of the diseased soil networks. Our results indicate that the microbial community diversity and network structure of the clubroot-diseased soils were different from those of the healthy soils. This study is of great significance in exploring the biological control strategies of clubroot disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering Differences in Microbial Community Diversity between Clubroot-Diseased and Healthy Soils

Kang,

Chai,

Lin

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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“…Numerous investigators [33,34] have described the excessive genetic multiplicity of FOL. McDonald and Linde [35] suggested that genetic disparity might occur between the isolates developed from various lesions of the same leaflet.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Vivo Biocontrol of Tomato Fusarium Wilt by Extracts from Brown, Red, and Green Macroalgae

et al. 2022

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Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) in tomatoes is globally recognized as one of the most significant tomato diseases, both in fields and in greenhouses. Macroalgae contain a diversity of bioactive complexes. This research was carried out to assess the value of the extracts from three macroalgae (Sargassum dentifolium belongs to Phaeophyta, Gracilaria compressa belongs to Rhodophyta, and Ulva lactuca belongs to Chlorophyta) against wilt disease in tomato plants. The fungal pathogen was isolated from diseased tomato plants growing in several parts of Saudi Arabia. Isolates of the pathogen were identified by morphological and molecular methods. Three organic solvents, in addition to water, were used for extraction to assess the effect of reducing FOL hyphal growth on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Radial reductions in pathogen hyphal growth were seen with all of the solvent and water extracts, but the three macroalgae methanol extracts that were tested showed the greatest reduction in pathogen hyphal growth. The total phenol content of the S. dentifolium extract was higher than that of the other two macroalgae. The phenolic compounds showed variability in all of the extracts that were identified and calculated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Phloroglucinol (7.34 mg/g dry weight), vanillic acid (7.28 mg/g dry weight), and gallic acid (6.89 mg/g dry weight) were the phenolic compounds with the highest concentrations in the S. dentifolium, G. compressa, and U. lactuca extracts, respectively. The mycelium of FOL treated with a crude macroalgae extract of tested at 100 µg/mL was examined with a scanning electron microscope. The results showed an obvious difference between the extract-treated and untreated hyphae. The extract-treated hyphae collapsed and bruised, as well as; empty and dead. In the greenhouse experiment, S. dentifolium powder was used to evaluate its effect on disease decline. It led to a decrease in disease severity of 40.8%. The highest total yield (560.8 g) was obtained from the plants treated with S. dentifolium powder. We recommend the use of macroalgae extracts to combat fungal phytopathogens. Because chemical fungicides are extremely toxic to humans and the environment, macroalgae extracts are a good alternative that can be widely and safely used in the field.

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“…After twenty days of pathogen application, the disease scoring was performed as described by Shanmugam, et al [45] (0 = no symptoms; 1 ≤ 25% of the leaves with symptoms; 2 = 26-50% of the leaves with symptoms; 3 = 51-75% of the leaves with symptoms; and 4 = 76-100% of the leaves with symptoms). The disease index (DI) was determined using the below-mentioned formula [46]: DI = [Σ rating × number of plants rated)/Total number of plants × highest rating] × 100 Additionally, growth attributes of tomato plants like shoot length, root length, shoot biomass, and root biomass were also determined at harvest. Total chlorophyll contents were analyzed by spectrophotometer, as described by Arnon [47].…”

Section: In-vivo Effect Of the Synthetic Elicitor And Consortium Of B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Imperative Use of Bacillus Consortium and Quercetin Contributes to Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease by Direct Antagonism and Induced Resistance

Hassan,

Akram,

Rizwana

et al. 2023

Microorganisms

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Fusarium wilt diseases severely influence the growth and productivity of numerous crop plants. The consortium of antagonistic rhizospheric Bacillus strains and quercetin were evaluated imperatively as a possible remedy to effectively manage the Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants. The selection of Bacillus strains was made based on in-vitro antagonistic bioassays against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycoprsici (FOL). Quercetin was selected after screening a library of phytochemicals during in-silico molecular docking analysis using tomato LysM receptor kinases “SILKY12” based on its dual role in symbiosis and plant defense responses. After the selection of test materials, pot trials were conducted where tomato plants were provided consortium of Bacillus strains as soil drenching and quercetin as a foliar spray in different concentrations. The combined application of consortium (Bacillus velezensis strain BS6, Bacillus thuringiensis strain BS7, Bacillus fortis strain BS9) and quercetin (1.0 mM) reduced the Fusarium wilt disease index up to 69%, also resulting in increased plant growth attributes. Likewise, the imperative application of the Bacillus consortium and quercetin (1.0 mM) significantly increased total phenolic contents and activities of the enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Non-targeted metabolomics analysis was performed to investigate the perturbation in metabolites. FOL pathogen negatively affected a range of metabolites including carbohydrates, amino acids, phenylpropanoids, and organic acids. Thereinto, combined treatment of Bacillus consortium and quercetin (1.0 mM) ameliorated the production of different metabolites in tomato plants. These findings prove the imperative use of Bacillus consortium and quercetin as an effective and sustainable remedy to manage Fusarium wilt disease of tomato plants and to promote the growth of tomato plants under pathogen stress conditions.

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Characterization of Fusarium Spp. Inciting Vascular Wilt of Tomato and Its Management by a Chaetomium-Based Biocontrol Consortium

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Deciphering Differences in Microbial Community Diversity between Clubroot-Diseased and Healthy Soils

Deciphering Differences in Microbial Community Diversity between Clubroot-Diseased and Healthy Soils

In Vitro and In Vivo Biocontrol of Tomato Fusarium Wilt by Extracts from Brown, Red, and Green Macroalgae

The Imperative Use of Bacillus Consortium and Quercetin Contributes to Suppress Fusarium Wilt Disease by Direct Antagonism and Induced Resistance

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