Characterization of gaseous pollutants and PM2.5 at fixed roadsides and along vehicle traveling routes in Bangkok Metropolitan Region

Oanh, Nguyen Thi Kim; Kongpran, Jira; Hang, Nguyen Thi Thu; Parkpian, Preeda; Hung, Ngo Tho; Lee, S.-B.; Bae, Gwi–Nam

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.06.001

Cited by 46 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In contrast, average Bangkok PM 2.5 in January–February was 102 μg/m 3 (BKK 1 to BKK 4), which decreased to 83.5 μg/m 3 (BKK 5 to BKK 10) after burning in Chiang Rai commenced. The higher concentrations of PM 2.5 in January–February in Bangkok are possibly because of thermal inversion in winter. , After the onset of haze in Chiang Rai, PM 2.5 concentrations in Bangkok do not show any increase, which indicates a minimal effect of biomass burning in the northern provinces on fine particle concentrations in Bangkok.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Metal Concentrations and Source Apportionment of PM_2.5 in Chiang Rai and Bangkok, Thailand during a Biomass Burning Season

Kayee

Sompongchaiyakul

Sanwlani

et al. 2020

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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One of the persistent environmental problems in the provinces of northern Thailand is severe air pollution during the dry season because of open vegetation burning by farmers for land clearance purpose. Aerosol optical depth and Ångstrom exponent data from MODIS-Terra satellite indicated that from mid-March to April, 2019, entire Thailand was covered with a high concentration of fine-sized aerosols. Trace metal concentrations of PM 2.5 collected from Chiang Rai in northern Thailand and Bangkok in southern Thailand between January and April 2019 were analyzed. Average concentrations of crustal metals such as Al, Ca, and Fe are higher in Chiang Rai compared to that in Bangkok. The Fe/Al ratio in Chiang Rai decreases from 1.65 during the onset of haze to 0.87 during the peak haze approaching a crustal ratio of 0.48. In contrast, Bangkok has higher Na, Mg, and Zn with an average Na/Mg ratio of 6.07 indicative of a sea spray (Na/Mg ∼ 8) origin. Principal component analysis identifies three possible sources in Chiang Rai: (1) crustal dust and biomass burning, (2) industrial source, and (3) refuse incineration mixed with road dust; and for Bangkok (1) natural background, industrial emissions, and coal combustion, (2) traffic emission, and (3) sea spray. The ranges of Pb isotope ratios in the bulk fraction of PM 2.5

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Metal Concentrations and Source Apportionment of PM_2.5 in Chiang Rai and Bangkok, Thailand during a Biomass Burning Season

Kayee

Sompongchaiyakul

Sanwlani

et al. 2020

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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“…Rain has the potential to influence PNC by causing washout, reducing particle concentration or conversely increasing traffic sources as the traffic volume increases during rainy periods in Bangkok [ 59 , 60 ]. The difference between dry and rainy seasons was analysed using a two-tailed Student’s t-test, but no significant difference was shown.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The temperature of Bangkok is consistently hot, with a yearly average of 28 ± 3 °C in 2018, measured at one of the Thai Pollution Control Department (PCD) stations (Thailand PR Department, lat: 13.783185, long: 100.540489 [ 58 ]), with a maximum monthly average of 29 ± 3 °C in June and a minimum of 27 ± 3 °C in January. The rainy season can cause a reduction in particulates due to wash-out [ 59 ] but may increase particle production due to increased traffic [ 26 , 60 ]. Cool weather causes a lowering of the boundary layer, trapping pollutants within the city and potentially causing an increase in particle concentrations [ 31 , 55 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Number Concentration Measurements on Public Transport in Bangkok, Thailand

Matthews

Chompoobut

Navasumrit

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Traffic is a major source of particulate pollution in large cities, and particulate matter (PM) level in Bangkok often exceeds the World Health Organisation limits. While PM2.5 and PM10 are both measured in Bangkok regularly, the sub-micron range of PM, of specific interest in regard to possible adverse health effects, is very limited. In the study, particle number concentration (PNC) was measured on public transport in Bangkok. A travel route through Bangkok using the state railway, the mass rapid transport underground system, the Bangkok Mass Transit System (BTS) Skytrain and public buses on the road network, with walking routes between, was taken whilst measuring particle levels with a hand-held concentration particle counter. The route was repeated 19 times covering different seasons during either morning or evening rush hours. The highest particle concentrations were found on the state railway, followed by the bus, the BTS Skytrain and the MRT underground with measured peaks of 350,000, 330,000, 33,000 and 9000 cm−3, respectively, though particle numbers over 100,000 cm−3 may be an underestimation due to undercounting in the instrument. Inside each form of public transport, particle numbers would peak when stopping to collect passengers (doors opening) and decay with a half-life between 2 and 3 min. There was a weak correlation between particle concentration on bus, train and BTS and Skytrain with carbon monoxide concentration, as measured at a fixed location in the city.

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“…Generally, the average concentration of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, O3 and CO have a decreasing trend from March to August [15], even in the previous years before the COVID-19 outbreak, as shown in Fig 2, excepting SO2. Seasonal variations (summer and rainy seasons) denoted by rising temperatures and more frequent rains caused decreasing air pollutant concentrations, excluding some periods when the air pollutant concentrations showed several peaks association with open biomass burning and traffic index peaks, due to added anthropogenic pollutants during harvest season [23] and road traffic congestion in Bangkok [24]. In principle, air pollutant concentrations in the atmosphere fluctuate by complex factors such as emission sources (TI and Fire), meteorological factors (BLH, T2M, TP, WS and RH) and so on [25].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Impacts of COVID-19 Lockdown and Influence Factors on Air Quality in Greater Bangkok, Thailand

Wetchayont¹

2020

Preprint

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With the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic around the world, many countries announced lockdown measures, including Thailand. Several scientific studies have reported on improvements in air quality due to the impact of these COVID-19 lockdowns. This study aims to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown and its driving influence factors on air pollution in Greater Bangkok, Thailand using in-situ measurements. Overall PM2.5, PM10, O3, and CO concentrations presented a significant decreasing trend during the COVID-19 outbreak year based on three periods: the before, lockdown and after periods, for PM2.5: 0.7%, 15.8% and 20.7%; PM10: 4.1%, 31.7% and 6.1%; O3: 0.3%, 7.1% and 4.7%, respectively, compared to the same periods in 2019. CO concentrations, especially, were increased by 14.7%, but decreased by 8.0% and 23.6% during the before, lockdown and after periods, respectively. Meanwhile, SO2 and NO2 increased by 54.0%, 41.5% and 84.6%, and 20.1%, 3.2% and 26.6%, respectively, during the before, lockdown and after periods. PCA analysis indicated a significant combination effect of atmospheric mechanisms that were strongly linked to emission sources such as traffic and biomass burning. It has been demonstrated that the COVID-19 lockdown can pause some of these anthropogenic emissions, i.e. traffic, commercial and industrial activities, but not all, even low traffic emissions can't absolutely cause reductions in air pollution, since there are several primary emission sources that dominate the air quality over Greater Bangkok. Finally, these findings highlight the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown measures, not only on the air pollution levels, but also affects to air pollution characteristics, as well.

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Characterization of gaseous pollutants and PM2.5 at fixed roadsides and along vehicle traveling routes in Bangkok Metropolitan Region

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Metal Concentrations and Source Apportionment of PM_2.5 in Chiang Rai and Bangkok, Thailand during a Biomass Burning Season

Metal Concentrations and Source Apportionment of PM_2.5 in Chiang Rai and Bangkok, Thailand during a Biomass Burning Season

Particle Number Concentration Measurements on Public Transport in Bangkok, Thailand

Investigation on the Impacts of COVID-19 Lockdown and Influence Factors on Air Quality in Greater Bangkok, Thailand

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Characterization of gaseous pollutants and PM2.5 at fixed roadsides and along vehicle traveling routes in Bangkok Metropolitan Region

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Metal Concentrations and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Chiang Rai and Bangkok, Thailand during a Biomass Burning Season

Metal Concentrations and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Chiang Rai and Bangkok, Thailand during a Biomass Burning Season

Particle Number Concentration Measurements on Public Transport in Bangkok, Thailand

Investigation on the Impacts of COVID-19 Lockdown and Influence Factors on Air Quality in Greater Bangkok, Thailand

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Metal Concentrations and Source Apportionment of PM_2.5 in Chiang Rai and Bangkok, Thailand during a Biomass Burning Season

Metal Concentrations and Source Apportionment of PM_2.5 in Chiang Rai and Bangkok, Thailand during a Biomass Burning Season