Characterization of gel grown iron‐manganese‐cobalt ternary levo‐tartrate crystals

Abstract

In the present investigation, iron-manganese-cobalt ternary levo-tartrate crystals of different compositions have been grown by single-diffusion gel growth technique in silica hydrogel medium. The metallic composition in the crystals was estimated by EDAX. The coloration of the crystals changed with composition of metallic content. The powder XRD study suggested the crystalline nature and indicated the presence of some extra phases. The grown crystals were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, TGA, dielectric and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) studies. The FT-IR study suggested the presence of O-H, C=O, C-O and metal-oxygen bonds. The effect of composition of metallic content was observed in certain absorption regions in FT-IR spectra. The thermal stability of the crystals was studied by thermogravimetry and the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of dehydration were calculated. The effect of composition of ternary levo-tartrate was observed in dielectric study. The dielectric study was carried out in the frequency range of applied field from 500 Hz to 1 MHz. The variations in dielectric constant, dielectric loss, a.c. resistivity and a.c. conductivity with frequency of applied field were studied. VSM study suggested that all crystals were of paramagnetic nature.

Thermal Study of Cadmium Levo-Tartrate Crystals

“…The standard enthalpy of activation ∆ # H o was calculated by using the relation 3. Positive values of the standard enthalpy and the standard entropy of activation suggest that the process is spontaneous at high temperatures and the positive values of standard Gibbs free energy suggest that the process is thermodynamically unstable [6].…”

“…In the present study, the single diffusion method [5][6][7][8] was employed for the growth of cadmium levo-tartrate crystals. The silica hydro gel was used as a growth medium.…”

“…The supernatant solution containing cadmium nitrate solutions was poured on the set gel carefully without damaging the gel. 3 produced is very less in comparison to the nutrients being supplied to the growing crystals and hence no major limitation is imposed [5][6][7][8].…”

FTIR and Thermal Studies of Gel Grown Lead Cobalt Mixed Levo Tartrate Crystals

“…There are reports available in literature on thermal studies on metal tartrate systems, for example, cobalt tartrate [4], ternary iron-manganese-cobalt tartrate compound [9] and ternary iron-manganese-nickel tartrate compound [10]. Figure 4 and 5 show the thermo-gram for the crystals near the gel-liquid interface and below the gel interface of sample (I-IV), respectively.…”

“…In the literature, many tartrate compounds are reported which have been grown by the gel technique, for example, iron tartrate [3], cobalt tartrate [4][5][6], lead tartrate [7], mixed iron-manganese tartrate [8] and ternary ironmanganese-cobalt tartrate [9] as well as ternary iron-manganese-nickel tartrate [10]. Carbonate solutions containing Co(II) tartrate complexes find application in an electrochemical procedure of anodic deposition of cobalt oxyhydroxide film on a glassy carbon substrate in an alkali medium [11], whereas, lead tartrate finds application as an additive in gasoline to increase the performance of the engine [12].…”