Characterization of Grapevine Wood Microbiome Through a Metatranscriptomic Approach

The Grapevine Microbiome to the Rescue: Implications for the Biocontrol of Trunk Diseases

“…Bacilli and Actinobacteria were frequently isolated from 3-year-old plants, whereas Alpha- and Gamma-Proteobacteria classes were more prevalent in the 15-year-old plants. These results are in agreement with different analyses of the grapevine endomicrobiome which indicate that Bacilli , Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria are the predominant taxa in that environment [ 37 ]. An antifungal-activity analysis showed that two Bacillus strains exhibited a growth antagonistic effect toward the pathogens N. parvum , P. chlamydospora and P. minimum .…”

“…Paolinelli and colleagues [ 37 ] have also used a metatranscriptomic approach to delve deeply into the etiology of the trunk disease known as hoja de malvón (HDM). HDM is a trunk disease particularly worrisome for Argentinean and Uruguayan vineyards that is related to esca and is commonly found in vines older than 20 years [ 43 ].…”

“…Several GTD-associated pathogens were identified, including Diplodia , Neofusicoccum , Phaeoacremonium , Eutypa , Arambarria , Ilyonectria , Diaporthe and Fomitiporia , as the most represented genera. However, different analyses carried out did not allow researchers to discriminate symptomatic from asymptomatic plants based on the presence or abundance of HDM pathogens, although alpha diversity and rank-abundance curve analyses indicated that plants with foliar symptoms had lower microbial evenness than asymptomatic plants [ 37 ].…”

The microbiota of the grapevine holobiont: A key component of plant health

“…Many declines are directly linked to the presence of a fungal pathogen [124] , [125] , [126] . For some fungal species, pest control strategies exist, are effective and the resulting declines could remain limited.…”

“…3 ). It seems that the onset of symptoms cannot be correlated with the mere presence of the fungus responsible for the decline inside the wood or with its greater or lesser abundance [38] (this is also the case for other fungal diseases such as hoja de malvón [126] ) . A recent study even supposes that Fomitiporia mediterranea virulence (one of the pathogenic fungi responsible for esca) and in particular its capacity to degrade wood is due to an interaction with certain bacteria present in the wood [163] .…”