Characterization of H3 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Vietnam

Soda, Kosuke; Kashiwabara, Mina; Miura, Koryo; Ung, Trang Thi Hong; Nguyen, Hang Le Khanh; Ito, Hiroshi; Le, Mai Quynh; Ito, Toshihiro

doi:10.1007/s11262-020-01797-7

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Interestingly, the PB2 and PA genes of A/AI-1606/16 isolate were found to be closely related to LPAIV strains from ducks in Japan (H3N8) and Mongolia (H4N6), which is a long distance away from Vietnam. We thus hypothesized that the parent gene pool of the Japanese and Mongolian LPAIV strains was possibly transmitted to wild birds which may have interacted with poultry before migrating along the East Asian-Australasian flyway to Vietnam [ 32 ]. In particular, free-range duck farms where poultry share water sources with wild waterfowl are very popular in Asian countries hence the high risk of AIV reassortment and transmission [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassortant Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus Containing Low Pathogenic Viral Genes in a Local Live Poultry Market, Vietnam

Lee

et al. 2021

Curr Microbiol

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Sites of live poultry trade and marketing are hot spots for avian influenza virus (AIV) transmission. We conducted active surveillance at a local live poultry market (LPM) in northern Vietnamese provinces in December 2016. Feces samples from the market were collected and tested for AIV. A new reassorted AIV strain was isolated from female chickens, named A/chicken/Vietnam/AI-1606/2016 (H5N6), and was found to belong to group C of clade 2.3.4.4 H5N6 highly pathogenic (HP) AIVs. The neuraminidase gene belongs to the reassortant B type. The viral genome also contained polymerase basic 2 and polymerase acidic, which were most closely related to domestic-duck-origin low pathogenic AIVs in Japan (H3N8) and Mongolia (H4N6). The other six genes were most closely related to poultry-origin H5N6 HP AIVs in Vietnam and had over 97% sequence identity with human AIV isolate A/Guangzhou/39715/2014 (H5N6). The new reassorted AIV isolate A/chicken/Vietnam/AI-1606/2016 (H5N6) identified in this study exemplifies AIVs reassortment and evolution through contact among wild birds, poultry farms, and LPMs. Therefore, active surveillance of AIVs is necessary to prevent potential threats to human and animal health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reassortant Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus Containing Low Pathogenic Viral Genes in a Local Live Poultry Market, Vietnam

Lee

et al. 2021

Curr Microbiol

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“…The H3N2 subtype has been the main subtype circulating in avian species in China [18], and has undergone active reassortment with other influenza virus subtypes in live poultry markets (LPMs) [19][20][21][22], which could generate a virus with pandemic potential. We previously showed that H3N2 AIVs isolated from LPMs have complicated gene constellations, and some isolates can transmit among guinea pigs and ferrets [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic and Biological Characterization of H3N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Poultry Farms in China between 2019 and 2021

Shi

Zhang

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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H3N2 influenza viruses not only cause seasonal epidemics in humans but also circulate widely in animals, posing a threat to both animal and human health. Our previous studies indicate that H3N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are readily detected in live poultry markets (LPMs); however, the evolution and biological characteristics of the H3N2 viruses in poultry farms in China are unclear. In this study, we performed active surveillance and collected 49,135 samples from poultry farms. In total, 21 H3N2 AIVs were isolated and their genetics, receptor-binding properties, and replication in mice were evaluated. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that H3N2 AIVs harbor complicated gene constellations and have undergone extensive reassortment; the viruses derived their genes from 12 different hemagglutinin subtypes of duck viruses, including H1, H2, H4, H5, H6, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, and H14. The complicated gene constellations indicated that H3N2 viruses may have been introduced into poultry farms from different sources, but none have become dominant in poultry farms. Although the H3N2 AIVs possessed avian-type receptor-binding preference, most of the isolates could replicate without preadaptation and some of H3N2 viruses caused weight loss in mice. Notably, two H3N2 viruses acquired the PB2 627K mutation after a single round of replication in mice, suggesting similar mutations could occur if they replicated in humans. Overall, our study demonstrates that the H3N2 AIVs pose a potential threat to the public health and emphasizes the need for continued surveillance of H3N2 viruses in the both LPMs and poultry farms.

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Evidence of an emerging triple-reassortant H3N3 avian influenza virus in China

He,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The H3 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) stands out as one of the most prevalent subtypes, posing a significant threat to public health, and a novel triple-reassortant H3N3 AIV, designated A/chicken/China/16/2023 (H3N3), was isolated from a chicken in northern China. The complete genome of the isolate was determined using next-generation sequencing, and the AIV-like particles were confirmed via transmission electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that eight genes of the H3N3 isolate clustered within the Eurasian lineage of AIVs, indicating the novel H3N3 isolate has various constellations and was generated by complex reassortment events involving H3N8, H9N2, and H10N3 subtype influenza viruses. Strikingly, the HA gene of the H3N3 isolate exhibited the closest evolutionary relationships to a human-derived H3N8 influenza virus, posing a potential threat to public health. Additionally, the presence of Q226 and T228 in the HA protein suggests the H3N3 virus preferentially binds to α-2,3-linked sialic acid receptors. While the HA cleavage site motif (PEKQTR/GIF) and the absence of E627K and D701N mutations in PB2 protein classify the virus as a characteristic low pathogenicity AIV. However, several mutations in internal genes raise concerns about potential increases in viral resistance, virulence, and transmission in mammalian hosts. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the molecular and genetic characterization of the emerging triple-reassortant H3N3 AIVs, and continued surveillance of domestic poultry is essential for monitoring the H3N3 subtype evolution and potential spread.

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Characterization of H3 subtype avian influenza viruses isolated from poultry in Vietnam

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Reassortant Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus Containing Low Pathogenic Viral Genes in a Local Live Poultry Market, Vietnam

Reassortant Highly Pathogenic H5N6 Avian Influenza Virus Containing Low Pathogenic Viral Genes in a Local Live Poultry Market, Vietnam

Genetic and Biological Characterization of H3N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Poultry Farms in China between 2019 and 2021

Evidence of an emerging triple-reassortant H3N3 avian influenza virus in China

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