Characterization of H3PO4 based PVA complex system

Gupta, Pankaj; Singh, Kaman

doi:10.1016/0167-2738(96)00139-7

Cited by 78 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Thermal characterization of PVA/PAA blend hydrogel electrolyte.-Acidic PVA/PAA BHEs of varied polymer compositions were characterized 28,41 by differential scanning calorimetry using a Mettler Toledo MET-E-3561 DSC 822e differential scanning calorimeter.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Linked Polymer Hydrogel Electrolytes for Electrochemical Capacitors

Choudhury

Shukla

Sampath

et al. 2006

J. Electrochem. Soc.

108

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Acidic polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylic acid blend hydrogel electrolytes ͑BHEs͒ were prepared by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde and perchloric acid. These acidic BHEs were treated suitably to realize alkaline and neutral BHEs. Amorphicity of BHEs was followed by differential scanning calorimetry. Ionic conduction in acidic BHEs was found to take place by a Grötthus-type mechanism whereas in alkaline and neutral BHEs it was due to a segmental motion mechanism. Ionic conductivity of BHEs was found to range between 10 −3 and 10 −2 S cm −1 . Electrochemical capacitors assembled with acidic polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel electrolyte yielded a maximum capacitance of ϳ60 and 1000 F g −1 with BP carbon and RuO x ·xH 2 O/C electrodes, respectively.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Linked Polymer Hydrogel Electrolytes for Electrochemical Capacitors

Choudhury

Shukla

Sampath

et al. 2006

J. Electrochem. Soc.

108

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“…[6][7][8] There have been reports 29,30 on aqueous PGEs based on poly͑vinyl alcohol͒ ͑PVA͒-H 3 PO 4 and their use in ESs, but due to their corrosive nature, acidic electrolytes are suitable only for a limited number of electrode materials. Alkaline PGEs, such as poly͑ethylene oxide͒ ͑PEO͒-KOH-H 2 O [31][32][33] and poly͑acrylic͒ ͑PAA͒-KOH-H 2 O 34,35 have found applications in nickel-metal hydride batteries and EDLCs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gelatin Hydrogel Electrolytes and Their Application to Electrochemical Supercapacitors

Choudhury¹,

Sampath

Shukla

2008

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Gelatin hydrogel electrolytes ͑GHEs͒ with varying NaCl concentrations have been prepared by cross-linking an aqueous solution of gelatin with aqueous glutaraldehyde and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic chronopotentiometry. Glass transition temperatures for GHEs range between 339.6 and 376.9 K depending on the dopant concentration. Ionic conductivity behavior of GHEs was studied with varying concentrations of gelatin, glutaraldehyde, and NaCl, and found to vary between 10 −3 and 10 −1 S cm −1 . GHEs have a potential window of about 1 V. Undoped and 0.25 N NaCl-doped GHEs follow Arrhenius equations with activation energy values of 1.94 and 1.88 ϫ 10 −4 eV, respectively. Electrochemical supercapacitors ͑ESs͒ employing these GHEs in conjunction with Black Pearl Carbon electrodes are assembled and studied. Optimal values for capacitance, phase angle, and relaxation time constant of 81 F g −1 , 75°, and 0.03 s are obtained for 3 N NaCl-doped GHE, respectively. ES with pristine GHE exhibits a cycle life of 4.3 h vs 4.7 h for the ES with 3 N NaCl-doped GHE. Polymer electrolytes are widely studied materials with applications in electrochemical devices. Although the ionic conductivity behavior of solid polymer electrolytes, such as polyethylene oxidesalt complexes, was reported as early as in 1973 by Wright, the potential of these materials as a new class of solid electrolytes for energy storage applications was envisaged by Armand in 1978. [1][2][3][4] Solid polymer electrolytes exhibit ionic conductivity between 10 −8 and 10 −7 S cm −1 that is too low to be significant for devices. Accordingly, efforts have been expended to enhance the ionic conductivity of polymer electrolytes.1,2 One such approach involves addition of plasticizer, a low-molecular-weight polar solvent, such as ethylene carbonate, to a polymer-salt system to realize polymer gel electrolyte ͑PGE͒.5-8 These PGEs are solid, have good adhesive properties, and exhibit high ionic conductivity of about 10 −3 S cm −1 at ambient temperatures. Although such nonaqueous PGEs have a wider potential window of about 4 V as compared to about 1 V for their aqueous counterpart, preparation and handling of the former require a moisture-free environment that is both involved and costintensive. Besides, organic solvents used as plasticizers with nonaqueous PGEs are environmentally toxic. 5Electrochemical supercapacitors ͑ESs͒ are electrochemical power systems with highly reversible charge-storage and delivery capabilities. ESs have properties complementary to secondary batteries and find usage in hybrid energy systems for electric vehicles, heavy-load starting assist for diesel locomotives, utility load leveling, and military and medical applications.9,10 Depending on the charge-storage mechanism, an ES is classified as an electrical double-layer capacitor ͑EDLC͒ or a pseudocapacitor. Higher energy density of EDLCs, as compared to dielectric capacit...

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“…This implies that 10% w/w CAP has maintained random situation and that complication took place between the CAP composition and PMMA structure in the amorphous region. The increasing intensity and shift of the peaks confirm the occurrence of stereochemistry complication between PMMA and CAP (Gupta and Singh 1996;Ramesh et al 2010). In other words, the shift of the peaks confirms that interactions happened between PMMA and CAP structure (Ramesh and Arof 2001).The intensity of characteristic peaks increased after 10%CAP addition because of increase the arranged areas in the PMMA backbone (Ramesh et al 2010).…”

Section: X-ray Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Miscible Transparent Polymethylmethacrylate/Cellulose Acetate Propionate Blend: Optical, Morphological, and Thermomechanical Properties

Raouf¹,

Wahab²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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To obtain a high transmittance blend within ultraviolet and visible regions, various transparent samples of ascending percentages of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) were prepared by melt blending using a twin screw extruder. These blends were characterised by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and the curves illustrated that the blending ratio of 10% CAP in PMMA meets the required purpose. The morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties for pure PMMA and the PMMA/CAP 10% blend were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that the PMMA/CAP 10% blend has an amorphous structure and low stiffness than pure PMMA. The miscible PMMA/CAP 10% blend exhibited mechanical stability below the glass transition temperature (Tg), with a slight increase in Tg value relative to that of pure PMMA. The study also demonstrated that the intermolecular interaction between blend elements has an effective influence on the physical properties of the blend.

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Characterization of H3PO4 based PVA complex system

Cited by 78 publications

References 5 publications

Cross-Linked Polymer Hydrogel Electrolytes for Electrochemical Capacitors

Cross-Linked Polymer Hydrogel Electrolytes for Electrochemical Capacitors

Gelatin Hydrogel Electrolytes and Their Application to Electrochemical Supercapacitors

Miscible Transparent Polymethylmethacrylate/Cellulose Acetate Propionate Blend: Optical, Morphological, and Thermomechanical Properties

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