Characterization of health effects of grain dust exposures

Hurst, Thomas S.; Dosman, James A.

doi:10.1002/ajim.4700170106

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The physical and chemical compositions of organic dusts vary and are affected by the dust source, geographic region, temperature, humidity, and other factors. Grain dust constituents include fractured grain kernels, trichome particles, insects or insect parts, silica, bacteria and molds, and chemical residues (7).…”

Section: Organic Dust Toxic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A specific dose -exposure relationship is usually not possible to determine, however. Measurements up to 1,000 mg/m (3) of organic dust have been reported in work areas with a usual range of 5 to 50 mg/m (3) , 10% being respirable (7). Exposure to greater than 90 to 100 mg/m (3) of respirable grain dust for 1 to 2 hours provoked ODTS in two of six subjects (23).…”

Section: Dose-responsementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome: A Review

Seifert

Essen

Jacobitz

et al. 2003

Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology

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Because of differences in presentation, clinical course, diagnostic testing, treatments, prognosis, followup requirements and prevention strategies between ODTS, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, oxides of nitrogen and other pulmonary exposure-related illnesses, it is important for poison centers and clinicians to obtain appropriate elements of history, physical examination, and laboratory data that will allow an accurate diagnosis.

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Section: Organic Dust Toxic Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dose-responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome: A Review

Seifert

Essen

Jacobitz

et al. 2003

Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology

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“…Several reports have suggested that unprotected dust exposures in agricultural settings may lead to pulmonary fibrosis [5][6][7]. Grain dust has a long history of association with disease, and its adverse effects on various organs such as eyes, nose, skin, lung and airways have been described [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of respiratory symptoms and disorders among rice mill workers in India

Ghosh¹,

Gangopadhyay

Das

2014

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives Lung function tests have become an integral part of assessment of pulmonary disease. Diseases of the respiratory system induced by occupational dusts are influenced by the duration of exposure. The aim of the study is to investigate the impairment of lung function and prevalence of respiratory symptoms among the rice mill workers. Methods A total of 120 rice mill workers from three districts of Karnataka were included in this study. Fifty urban dwellers from the same socio-economic level were selected as controls. The study included clinical examination, assessment of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function test, measurement of peak expiratory flow rate, absolute eosinophil count, ESR estimation, total IgE estimation and radiographic test. Results The present study has shown that the rice mill workers complained of several types of respiratory disorders like phlegm (40.8 %), dyspnea (44.2 %), chest tightness (26.7 %), cough (21.7 %), and nose irritation (27.5 %). Rice mill workers exposed to dust presented significantly (p \ 0.05) lower levels of FVC (3.44 ± 0.11), FEV 1 (2.73 ± 0.15) and PEFR (304.95 ± 28.79) than the controls. The rice mill workers are having significantly higher absolute eosinophil counts, total IgE and ESR than control groups. The hematological findings suggest that the harmful effects may be linked to both non-specific irritation and allergic responses to rice husk dust among rice mill workers. Conclusion Dust exposure in the working environment affects the lung function values and increased the respiratory symptoms among the rice mill workers.

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“…Ambient aerosols, or particulate air pollution, in the inhalable size range have been shown through various epidemiologic studies to have clear associations with increased respiratory and cardiovascular disease resulting in increased morbidity and mortality (Dockery et al, 1993;Dockery et al, 1992;Ozkaynak & Thurston, 1987;Pope et al, 1991;Dockery et al, 1989;Bates & Sizto, 1983;Pope, 1989;Katsouyanni et al, 1997;Samet et al, 2000;. Other aerosols such as organic dusts also have been linked to adverse health effects (Malmberg, 1990;Hurst & Dosman, 1990;Chan-Yeung et al, 1992;Enarson & Chan-Yeung, 1990;Weber et al, 1993;Larsson et al, 1994;Donham, 1990;Rylander, 1990;Schenker, 2000;Heederik et al 2007;Castranova et al, 1996). It has been suggested 142 E. J. SCOTT DUNCAN ET AL. that particles in the size range <2.5 µm may have the most significant effect on respiratory health (Schwartz et al, 1996;Schwartz & Neas, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Deposition of AerosolizedBacillus Atrophaeusin a Swine Model Due to Exposure from a Simulated Anthrax Letter Incident

Duncan¹,

Kournikakis²,

Ho³

et al. 2009

Inhalation Toxicology

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Dry anthrax spore powder is readily disseminated as an aerosol and it is possible that passive dispersion when opening a letter containing anthrax spores may result in lethal doses to humans. The specific aim of this study was to quantify the respirable aerosol hazard associated with opening an envelope/letter contaminated with a dry spore powder of the biological pathogen anthrax in a typical office environment. An envelope containing a letter contaminated with 1.0 g of dry Bacillus atrophaeus (BG) spores (pathogen simulant) was opened in the presence of an unrestrained swine model. Aerosolized spores were detected in the room in seconds and peak concentrations occurred by three minutes. The swine, located approximately 1.5 m from the source, was exposed to the aerosol for 28 min following the letter opening event and then moved to a clean room for 30 min. A necropsy was completed to determine the extent of in vivo spore deposition in the lungs. The median number of viable colony forming units (CFU) measured in the combined right and left lung was 21,200: the average mass of both lungs was 283 g. In excess of 100 CFU per gram of lung tissue was found at sites within the anterior, intermediate and posterior lobes. The results of this study confirmed that opening an envelope containing spores generated an aerosol spanning the respirable particle size range of 1-10 µm, and that normal respiration of swine led to spore deposition throughout the lungs. The observed deposition of spores in the lungs of the swine is within the LD 50 range of 2,500-55,000 estimated for humans for inhaled anthrax. Thus, there would appear to be a significant health risk to those individuals exposed to anthrax spores when opening a contaminated envelope.

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Characterization of health effects of grain dust exposures

Cited by 29 publications

References 16 publications

Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome: A Review

Organic Dust Toxic Syndrome: A Review

Prevalence of respiratory symptoms and disorders among rice mill workers in India

Pulmonary Deposition of AerosolizedBacillus Atrophaeusin a Swine Model Due to Exposure from a Simulated Anthrax Letter Incident

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