Characterization of hepatitis B and delta coinfection in Israel

Shirazi, Rachel; Ram, Daniela; Rakovsky, Aviya; Bucris, Efrat; Gozlan, Yael; Lustig, Yaniv; Shaked‐Mishan, Pninit; Picard, Orit; Shemer‐Avni, Yonat; Ben‐Zvi, Haim; Halutz, Ora; Lurie, Yoav; Veizman, Ella; Carlebach, Matthias; Braun, Marius; Naftaly, Michal Cohen; Shlomai, Amir; Safadi, Rifaat; Mendelson, Ella; Sklan, Ella H.; Ben‐Ari, Ziv; Mor, Orna

doi:10.1186/s12879-018-3008-x

Cited by 19 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These two recent studies are important since they reported the introduction of new viral strains to Europe by immigration as previously discussed (88,89). In the Middle East, mainly HDV I was isolated from patients with HDV infection (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)78). Studies from Turkey (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39) and Israel (78) exclusively detected HDV I.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Global Distribution of Hepatitis D Virus Genotypes: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Context: Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection, as the main coinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis B, leads to progressive liver disease. Elucidating the global distribution of HDV genotypes may be beneficial for the development of HDV vaccines and antiviral agents. Objectives: Through this systematic review, we aimed to present a clear picture of HDV genotype dispersal at the global and regional levels. Methods: A systematic search was performed in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science using the relevant keywords of hepatitis D and HDV genotype. The old HDV genotype classification (HDV I, II, and III) and African HDV genotypes (HDV-5,-6,-7, and-8) were used for showing the HDV genetic dispersion. The data of the country-level distribution of HDV genotypes were translated to the regional and global distributions of HDV genotypes. Results: Among all 1,318 unique titles, 71 studies were screened in the qualitative synthesis consisting of 77 records from 33 countries (sampling locations). In Africa, the most common genotype was HDV I, followed by African HDV genotypes. In Asia, the most frequent genotype was HDV II, followed by HDV I. In Europe and Oceania, the most common HDV genotype was HDV I, followed by HDV II and African genotypes. In the Middle East and North America, the most frequent HDV genotype was HDV I. In South America, the most common HDV genotype was HDV III, followed by HDV I and African genotypes. Conclusions: We found HDV I is distributed globally. Other HDV genotypes are observed regionally: HDV II mainly in East Asia, HDV III exclusively in South America, and African genotypes mainly in West Africa. PROSPERO #: CRD42018097296.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Global Distribution of Hepatitis D Virus Genotypes: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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“…HDV and HBV viral loads (22 samples) were determined by quantitative PCR in Israel [15]. HCV and HBV viral loads were approximated at Abbott using a semi-quantitative multiplex PCR.…”

Section: Viral Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HDV antibody positive HBV/HDV specimens with detectable HDV RNA by quantitative PCR were prepared in the same manner as HCV for mNGS. Preliminary viral loads measured independently in Israel and at Abbott indicated that levels of co-infecting HBV were very low, with only a minority of the 26 samples registering <33 Ct (1-3 log copies/ml) and most without detectable levels of DNA [15]. Consequently, HBV coverage by mNGS was sparse, if not completely absent (Table 2).…”

Section: Target Enrichment Of Hbv and Hdvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the incidence of newly-diagnosed cases has been declining and most infections are Genotype 1b, Israel is home to numerous immigrant populations with the capacity to import new strains of HCV [19,20]. To date, circulating strains for all three viruses have largely been determined by sub-genomic sequencing [15,21]. Therefore, we applied metagenomic and two target enrichment NGS techniques (xGen and Pan viral probes) to study epidemiological trends of HCV-infected and HBV/HDV co-infected individuals in Israel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced molecular surveillance approaches for characterization of blood borne hepatitis viruses

et al. 2020

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Defining genetic diversity of viral infections directly from patient specimens is the ultimate goal of surveillance. Simple tools that can provide full-length sequence information on blood borne viral hepatitis viruses: hepatitis C, hepatitis B and hepatitis D viruses (HCV, HBV and HDV) remain elusive. Here, an unbiased metagenomic next generation sequencing approach (mNGS) was used for molecular characterization of HCV infections (n = 99) from Israel which yielded full-length HCV sequences in 89% of samples, with 7 partial sequences sufficient for classification. HCV genotypes were primarily 1b (68%) and 1a (19%), with minor representation of genotypes 2c (1%) and 3a (8%). HBV/HDV coinfections were characterized by suppressed HBV viral loads, resulting in sparse mNGS coverage. A probebased enrichment approach (xGen) aiming to increase HBV and HDV coverage was validated on a panel of diverse genotypes, geography and titers. The method extended HBV genome coverage a median 61% (range 8-84%) and provided orders of magnitude boosts in reads and sequence depth for both viruses. When HBV-xGen was applied to Israeli samples, coverage was improved by 28-73% in 4 samples and identified HBV genotype A1, A2, D1 specimens and a dual B/D infection. Abundant HDV reads in mNGS libraries yielded 18/26 (69%) full genomes and 8 partial sequences, with HDV-xGen only providing minimal extension (3-11%) of what were all genotype 1 genomes. Advanced molecular approaches coupled to virus-specific capture probes promise to enhance surveillance of viral infections and aid in monitoring the spread of local subtypes.

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“…Pooled HBsAg prevalence rates among individual countries were as follows: Iran, 0.58%; Iraq, 0.67%; Saudi Arabia, 3.02%; Cyprus, 3.00%; Turkey, 1.68%; Yemen, 5.05%; Kuwait, 1.92%; Jordan, 1.72%; and Lebanon, 0.92% (Table ). Not mentioned in the list is Israel, where the HBV prevalence rate in the community is currently estimated at 0.96% . Thus, the HBsAg prevalence rate in the Middle East appears to be slightly less than or greater than 2% in blood donors.…”

Section: Hbv Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Epidemiology, Burden, and Management of Hepatitis B Virus in the Middle East

Akyıldız

Ahıskalı

Zeybel

et al. 2019

Clinical Liver Disease

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Roughly a quarter of the world's population, or 2 billion people, has serological evidence of past or present hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A total of 250 million people are estimated to have chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. It is further estimated that almost 700,000 die of HBV per year, with 300,000 because of the development of HBV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma, the second most common cause of death from cancer. 1,2 This is true despite the presence of a safe and effective vaccine and the availability of efficient therapy. In industrialized Western countries, including the United States, immigrants from hepatitis B-endemic areas represent an important source of new HBV infections. 3 This group represents a much greater risk than, for example, the intravenous drug user population, which is estimated to account worldwide for slightly more than a million CHB infections, whereas the immigrant HBV population in the United States alone is estimated at 1.6 million. 3 HBVendemic countries are defined as countries hyperendemic for HBV where more than 8% of the population is HBV infected, as well as countries displaying intermediate endemicity with an HBV prevalence rate between 2% and 8%. Countries in the Middle Eastern region belong to the latter group and, because of their political instability, have recently become an important source of migration. The discussion of the current HBV epidemiology and in general the burden of HBV in this area is thus timely and is the aim of this review. HBv ePiDeMiOlOGYMiddle Eastern countries are considered developing countries that possess a suboptimal health care infrastructure. Reliable data on epidemiology may be difficult to obtain. In such areas, assessing HBV prevalence in blood donors appears attractive because they are based on a large number of individuals. Data obtained from blood donor studies can be considered acceptable indicators of the HBV burden in developing countries provided it is understood that these prevalence data underestimate the real problem because high-risk groups for HBV are rejected from blood donation without pretransfusion blood screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). 4

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Characterization of hepatitis B and delta coinfection in Israel

Cited by 19 publications

References 41 publications

Global Distribution of Hepatitis D Virus Genotypes: A Systematic Review

Global Distribution of Hepatitis D Virus Genotypes: A Systematic Review

Advanced molecular surveillance approaches for characterization of blood borne hepatitis viruses

Regional Epidemiology, Burden, and Management of Hepatitis B Virus in the Middle East

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