Characterization of High Purity Lycopene from Tomato Wastes Using a New Pressurized Extraction Approach

Abstract

In this paper, a method for the extraction of high purity lycopene from tomato wastes is presented. The method is based on a pressurized extraction that uses the Extractor Naviglio, and it is performed in the 0.7-0.9 MPa range. Tomato skin, the byproduct deriving from manufacturing of tomato, in a water dispersion, are used as starting material. Lycopene is transferred, for the effect of the high pressure used, in the form of molecular aggregates into the water as a dispersion, while apolar compounds remain in the matrix. The aggregates are easily purified in a single subsequent step by using methanol, thus, obtaining lycopene at 98% chromatographic purity or higher. A new stationary phase, phenyl-hexyl silicone, and a simple water/acetonitrile gradient were used for HPLC analysis of lycopene. The extract was characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. An average recovery of 2.8 mg lycopene/kg tomato waste can be obtained after 4 hours of extraction and using tap water as the extracting liquid. The recovery percentage was of about 10%. The exhausted tomato byproduct can be easily dried and used in agriculture or as feeding for animals.

Topical Delivery of Lycopene using Microemulsions: Enhanced Skin Penetration and Tissue Antioxidant Activity

“…The identity of the purified lycopene was confirmed and compared to a standard lycopene using thin layer chromatography, HPLC (methodology in “Lycopene analysis” ), UV‐Vis spectrophotometry (Hitachi, Pleasanton, CA) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (positive ionization mode, Waters TQD tandem quadrupole detector, Milford, MA). Purified and standard lycopene presented similar R f values in silica plates, and similar UV‐Vis spectra, with the characteristic absorption peaks at 504, 472, and 446 nm 17. The standard and purified lycopene exhibited similar retention times (9.4 min) when assayed by HPLC; the peak areas obtained when 1, 2, and 5 µg/mL solutions of the extracted lycopene were analyzed and were 20–25% smaller than those obtained after analysis of standards, suggesting that some degradation occurred during extraction.…”

Quantification of Lycopene, β-Carotene, and Total Soluble Solids in Intact Red-Flesh Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Using On-Line Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

“…The solvent was evaporated, and samples were re-dissolved in 3 mL of chloroform and submitted for analysis by means of reversed phase HPLC equipped with a MD-2010Plus photo-DAD (Jasco, Tokyo, Japan) [40]. The column was a YMC C30 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 µm), for carotenoid analysis and eluents: (A) methanol/methilterbutilether/water (81/15/4) and (B) methanol/methilterbutilether/water (6/90/4), with a gradient from 1% to 100% of Solution B in 50 min and a mobile phase flow of 1 mL/min.…”

Cytological Aspects on the Effects of a Nasal Spray Consisting of Standardized Extract of Citrus Lemon and Essential Oils in Allergic Rhinopathy

“…Standardizing the extraction time is a crucial parameter to obtain reproducibility in the quantity of drug extracted, as has been demonstrated in works reported in the literature [11]. …”