Characterization of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance mutations in Slovakia: update 2017–2018

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to provide an overview on the HIV-1 subtypes circulating in Slovakia between 2017 and 2018 and to evaluate the risk of transmission of HIV-resistant strains. BACKGROUND: The HIV epidemic in Slovakia is characterised by low incidence of new and pre-existing infections and a slightly elevated level of strain heterogeneity. METHODS: Partial HIV pol gene sequences of 110 individuals newly diagnosed with HIV between 2017 and 2018 were analysed. RESULTS: The genotypic analysis revealed sporadic occurrence of mutations linked to HIV resistance to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The HIV-1 B subtype has been found as predominant (84.55 %) and primarily linked to men who have sex with men (MSM). A total of eighteen individuals (15.45 %) were found to be infected with HIV-1 non-B subtypes. CONCLUSION: The data suggest a minimal risk of a resistant HIV strain transmission and a marginal rise of HIV-1 subtypes´ diversity. The HIV-1 B subtype remains the most prevalent in the period 2017-2018 in Slovakia