Characterization of Human Nails Samples Using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) Through Chemometric Methods PCA and Clustering

Abstract

Research has been carried out on the characterization of human nail samples by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) using Chemometric PCA and Clustering methods. The sample used was left middle fingernail (TTK) from three people from one family (SKR) and two people who were not family (BKR). The test was carried out on TTK nail samples with a mass ratio of TTK nails with KBr 3:1. The results characterization by FTIR showed the presence of functional group O-H, C-H, C=O, N-H, C-N, P=O, C-O-C, nitrate, and nitrite in the TTK nail samples. The results of the analysis using the Chemometric PCA and Clustering methods showed that the TTK nail samples showed similarity in one family. This is based on the similarity of the types of molecules and their absorbance values. In addition, based on the results of PCA loading analysis, the wavenumber identity of the TTK nail samples were found in the range 1597-1479 cm-1.

Synthesis and characterization of proton conducting membranes based on human nail keratin and sulfonated polysulfone

“…Then in the area of wavelength of 1396 cm -1 is the bending CH vibration, and at wavelength of 1248 cm -1 is the stretching CN vibration (Amide III). From the spectrum FTIR results obtained are the same, it is concluded that the results obtained are most likely keratin [10].…”

“…The sulfonated polysulfone was obtained from the synthesis of previous studies [10]. The synthesis of the composite membrane was initiated by dissolving the sulfonated polysulfone dissolved in a beaker with DMF (dimethylformamide) solvent.…”

Physicochemical study of keratin containing impurities from human nails

“…The region around the wave number 1642 cm -1 is amide I (C=O stretch), the region around the wave number 1551 cm -1 is amide II (stretched CN and -NH bending) and the region around wavenumber 1247 cm -1 shows as CH stretching and NH bending. Other regions, namely at wavenumber 1395 cm -1 is the CH bending region containing fatty acids and lipids, the transmittance peak seen around wavenumber 1124 cm -1 is the vibration of the stretch COC bond, CS stretching vibration (Sulphide) at absorption 825 cm -1 [8][9]. The table comparison of functional groups between keratin left hand middle nail sample and keratin human nail powder showed in Table 1.…”

Optimization of Chloride (Cl−) on Dimethylamine (DMA) Modified Mesoporous Silica

“…Then the third peak, the desorption of chloride anions on modified mesoporous silica with nitric acid, has an absorption band with wave numbers 1059.59 cm-1, 787.24 cm-1, 500.98 cm-1, which is the vibration of asymmetrical stretch, symmetrical stretch and bend from Si-O-Si [16]. Furthermore, a new peak appears, which means that nitrate (NO -3 ) has replaced chloride on the silica surface, as seen at wave number 861 cm -1 -876 cm -1 , which indicates the presence of inorganic compounds [17].…”