Characterization of hydro-sand beds and their hydraulic flow units by integrating surface measurements and ground truth data in parts of the shorefront of Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria

Umoh, James Anthony; George, N. J.; Ekanem, A. M.; Emah, Joseph B.

doi:10.1007/s42108-022-00215-y

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The thicknesses and depths of layer 4 w ere not accessible at the maximum electrode separations. The depths and thicknesses of t he lithologies accessed w ithin the subsurface in comparison w ith the available ground-truth data w ere all in agreement with similar w ork carried out in the areas that are remotely outside the enclave of the M SW sites (Umoh et al, 2022a). On the other hand, the resistivity values w ithin the M SW sites studied and their contiguous areas distinctly show ed a reduction in resistivity that seemingly follow ed inverse square law in Figs.…”

Section: Geo-electric Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Integrated valorization of MSW incursion into water resources: a tool for environmental monitoring and assessment near dumpsite areas, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Inyang,

George,

Ehibor

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Sites set aside for the dumping of municipal solid waste (MSW) are not used for any other purposes other than the dumping of refuse. Aside from the stench released from the dumpsites, which pollutes the air, the major issue is the dispersion of leachate from the MSW sites into the groundwater aquifers within the dumpsites and the contiguous groundwater resources. This research aims at using an integrated technique to valorize the effect of leachate from MSW sites in Uyo and Eket on the groundwater resources. Geo-electrical technology involving vertical electrical techniques and constant electrode separations were used to acquire 1D and 2D resistivity data. The interpreted resistivity results constrained by ground-truthing data were combined with hydro-physiochemical analysis to valorize the effect of MSW sites on groundwater. The VES curve types in the survey area are primarily K (57.1%), HK (21.3%), Q (14.3%) and H (7.3%), which exhibit the intercalations of various lithological suites. The inferred image maps at MSW sites showed a dispersion of leachate, which appears to follow the inverse square law between the source and the sink. The BOD-COD ratio revealed that the waste is partially biodegradable. The analyses of hydro-geochemistry of surface and groundwater in the area showed a sequence of average abundance of cations of light metals in the order:; heavy metals as:. The anionic average relative abundance takes the following order:. The use of surface water and groundwater resources for irrigation in the MSW sites has been found to be dependent on the sodium adsorption ratio and total hardness required by the crops. With the results of this study, the valorization of the ingress of leachate into groundwater resources near the MSW sites should be assessed annually to ameliorate the unfortunate environmental hazards.

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Section: Geo-electric Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Integrated valorization of MSW incursion into water resources: a tool for environmental monitoring and assessment near dumpsite areas, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Inyang,

George,

Ehibor

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The total volume was thus calculated to be 1.65 x 10 8 m 3 . Aquifer effective porosity is a vital parameter that controls the total volume of water in storage in the aquifer (Umoh et al, 2022b). The effective groundwater reserve volume Ve was determined by multiplying by the mean aquifer effective porosity by the aquifer total volume according to equation 6 (George et al, 2011, 2022a, Ibim et al 2022.…”

Section: Results Analysis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric estimation of groundwater reserve in Akwa Ibom State University main campus, southern Nigeria using surficial resistivity measurements

Ekanem

2024

Preprint

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Recent changes in climatic conditions and the resulting changes in demands for potable water call for a thorough understanding of groundwater resources. In this research, the usability of the electrical resistivity technique in the volumetric estimation of groundwater reserve is demonstrated. Sixteen (16) vertical electrical soundings were made at predetermined locations in Akwa Ibom State University campus, southern Nigeria with the main aim of delineating the hydrostratigraphic units and estimating the groundwater reserve in the area. Three to four geoelectric layers comprising poorly sorted continental sands with minor clay intercalations have been identified in the study site. Groundwater extraction in the area takes place in the second and third layers, based on location, at depths ranging from 0.7 to 84.7 m. The aquifer system is shown to have a mean effective porosity of 0.32, mean specific yield of 0.23 and mean specific retention of 0.09. The total aquifer volume is estimated to be 1.65 x 108 m3 while the effective water volume reserve in the area is 5.3 x 107 m3. The usable groundwater volume releasable by the aquifer during pumping is shown to be 71.9 % of the effective volumetric groundwater reserve while the fractional volume retainable by the aquifer is 28.1 %. This, by implication is an indication that the area has good groundwater potential for sustainability of water wells. The regression equations derived in this study can be used for easy and rapid prediction of aquifer porosity and specific yield/retention from surface resistivity data in regions with similar geological characteristics. These outcomes are very auspicious, particularly in devising sustainable groundwater development and exploitable schemes to meet current and future needs of the university community.

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“…The VES and ERT analyses diagnostically showed the textures of aquifer grains through their specific conductivity pattern, which can be adjudged through their specific resistances (George et al, 2021b). The natural coexistence of consistent texture of geologic materials, which may have dissimilar physical and chemical properties constitute geologic units while the classification or typing of rocks/soils within the geologic units according similar hydrodynamical as well as similar chemical and physical properties characterized by defined flow pattern defines the hydraulic flow units (Umoh et al, 2022b;Omeje et al, 2023). With this understanding, the aquifer quality index/aquifer assessment index obtained through permeability and the normalized porosity (Equations 1 and 2) enabled the rock typing process of the delineated aquifer through the flow zone indicator (Amaefule et al, 1993) in Equation 5, which diagnosed four different HFUs in which each of them is practically considered to be having similar physical and chemical properties as well as similar flow pattern within the sandy aquifer system identified as geologic unit.…”

Section: Geo-electrical Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Typification of coastal depositional lithofacies with isophysical and isochemical hydro-sand beds via stratigraphic modified Lorenz plots (SMLP): geohydrodynamical implications and valorization of hydrogeological units

George,

Thomas

2023

Acta Geophys.

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Using an integrated method, four distinct hydraulic flow units (HFUs) were produced from the hydrogeological layers of Ikot Abasi in southern Nigeria. The SMLP, which produced results comparable to those of the discrete rock typing (DRT) technique deploying flow zone indicator (FZI), was used to define and classify the geologic unit (GU) of the aquifer into sections denoted by isophysical and isochemical hydro-sand beds as well as sections with similar hydrodynamic characteristics. The results of an electrical resistivity investigation led to the discovery of three to four economically viable geo-electric strata for groundwater. The goal of this study is to economically valorize the HFUs within the GU for efficient groundwater management.Economic aquifer sand beds in layer two were identified and their resistivity ranged from 26.3-3576.5 m with an average of 764.3 m and thickness ranged from 2.9-262.6 m with a mean value of 61.7 m. Similarly, the estimated ranges of resistivity values and values of thickness of the economic aquifer sand beds in layer three were 58.0-3588.8 m (mean: 840.5 m) and 26.7-212.1 m (mean: 80.0 m), respectively. The result from DRT gave four HFUs, which conformed to the result of SMLP. The four HFUs christened as HFU1-HFU4 are identified by tan/slope with each corresponding to 2.083, 1.136, 0.483, and 3.101 respectively. The corresponding value for angle  in degrees were estimated at 64(superconductor), 47 (conductor), 26 (semiconductor) and 72 (superconductor) respectively. According to values of ranking efficiency, the delineated HFUs can be classified respectively as good, fair, poor and good. The aquifer system identified to be perfectly heterogeneous, has good hydrodynamic prospect, which is paramount in groundwater flow management and contamination monitoring.

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Characterization of hydro-sand beds and their hydraulic flow units by integrating surface measurements and ground truth data in parts of the shorefront of Akwa Ibom State, Southern Nigeria

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Integrated valorization of MSW incursion into water resources: a tool for environmental monitoring and assessment near dumpsite areas, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Integrated valorization of MSW incursion into water resources: a tool for environmental monitoring and assessment near dumpsite areas, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Volumetric estimation of groundwater reserve in Akwa Ibom State University main campus, southern Nigeria using surficial resistivity measurements

Typification of coastal depositional lithofacies with isophysical and isochemical hydro-sand beds via stratigraphic modified Lorenz plots (SMLP): geohydrodynamical implications and valorization of hydrogeological units

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