Characterization of hypercrosslinked polymer adsorbent based on carbazole to achieve higher CO₂ capture

Abstract

In this study, a hypercrosslinked polymer (HCP) adsorbent based on Friedel-Crafts reaction and carbazole as a monomer was synthesized and used for CO 2 capture. The HCP adsorbent is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The effects of crosslinker to carbazole ratio, synthesis time and catalyst type, and their interactions were evaluated by response surface methodology using central composite design. The result showed that the optimum adsorption capacity (191.2 mg/g) was obtained at a crosslinker to carbazole ratio of 2.7, synthesis time of 11.2 h, and FeCl 3 as catalyst of the reaction. The experimental adsorption data fitted by adsorption isotherm and kinetic models in the optimized parameter values and correlation coefficient (R 2 ) were considered to select the best model. The results showed that Hill isotherm and Elovich kinetic models have higher R 2 values than other models. Finally, the feasibility of the adsorption process was determined by thermodynamic modeling and enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy differences of adsorption at 298.15 K and 5 bar were calculated −15.035 kJ/mol, −0.025 kJ/mol.K and −7.822 kJ/mol, respectively.

Removal of bromophenol blue from polluted water using a novel azo-functionalized magnetic nano-adsorbent

“…This model assumes that adsorption is a cooperative process in which adsorbates at one site of the adsorbent influence the other binding sites. 25,26 where K is the association/affinity constant and equals the additive inverse of the slope, B max is the maximum number of binding sites, v is the saturation fraction, equal to the amount of adsorbed BPB divided by the number of binding sites ( v = q / q max ), C is the concentration of BPB, and h is the Hill's coefficient, which describes the cooperativity index.…”

“…This model assumes that adsorption is a cooperative process in which adsorbates at one site of the adsorbent inuence the other binding sites. 25,26 q e C e ¼ KðB max À q e Þ (10)…”

CO2 capture by benzene‐based hypercrosslinked polymer adsorbent: Artificial neural network and response surface methodology

“…The CO 2 adsorption capacity can be calculated using Equations (). [ 7 ] …”

“…[2,4,5] Thus, the accumulation of CO 2 in the atmosphere has irreparable consequences such as climate change, global warming, the melting of glaciers, ocean acidification, sea level increment, and so on, which have led to global concern. [6][7][8] Around 86% of the world's energy sources are based on fossil fuels that produce a huge amount of CO 2 through combustion, so capturing CO 2 from stationary sources such as gas-fired power stations is a promising way to reduce the emission of CO 2 to the atmosphere. [2,6,9,10] Various CO 2 capture methods such as liquid solvent-based absorption, [11][12][13] solid sorbentbased adsorption, [14][15][16][17][18][19] membrane process, [20] and cryogenic separation process [21] are used in industrial processes.…”

Potential of hypercrosslinked microporous polymer based on carbazole networks for Pb(II) ions removal from aqueous solutions

“…However, it has several disadvantages that can improve by chemical modification of some of its properties, such as solubility, biological activity, and mechanical properties. One of these solutions is the hypercrosslinking process using the Friedel Craft reaction, which increases its specific surface area, strength, and mechanical and thermal resistance (Ramezanipour Penchah et al 2021b). Many chemical changes have been studied in the last decade to improve the properties of carbazole.…”