Characterization ofBotrytis cinereaIsolates From Grape Vineyards in China

Abstract

One hundred thirty-five single-spore isolates were collected from grape vineyards from 15 provinces or autonomous regions belonging to five viticulture climatic zones in China. All the isolates were identified as Botrytis cinerea based on their morphological and molecular characters. The 135 isolates were all heterothallic isolates. Seventy-one isolates belonged to the MAT1-1 type and 64 were characterized to MAT1-2 type. All the isolates studied belonged to Group II based on PCR-RFLP of the Bc-hch locus. The four TE genotypes, transposa, Boty-only, Flipper-only, and vacuma, comprised 51.9%, 33.3%, 10.4%, and 4.5%, respectively, of the total population. The frequency of transposa was highest in the total population and the most of any subpopulation (each viticulture climatic zone), and Boty-only was highest in warm areas (46.2%). Vacuma was mainly distributed in northern China, although in small amounts, and Flipper-only was mainly was distributed in humid tropical areas (42.9%). A microsatellite analysis of B. cinerea populations was performed to assess the genetic population structure. A total of 127 different MLGs were identified among 135 B. cinerea isolates, with a genotypic diversity of 0.9991. The transposa population isolates showed higher genetic diversity than other populations. Pairwise tests of genetic differentiation among four TE-type populations yielded generally low to high Gst values. All isolates belonged to two genetic clusters. The population microsatellite diversity and genetic structure had a certain correlation with the TE type and geographic origin. This is the first report of the genotypic diversity of B. cinerea isolates from grape vineyards across China.

Phenotype and genotype characterization of Botrytis cinerea isolates from cut roses in Yunnan, China

“…This suggests that, within the subset of isolates we examined, B. cinerea sensu stricto predominates, and B. pseudocinerea was not encountered. This was consistent with the results reported in grape, broad bean and pear (Campia et al, 2017;Huang et al, 2014;Pei et al, 2019;Wessels et al, 2016;Zhang et al, 2018). Sequence alignment analysis of the Bc-hch gene was conducted in this study.…”

“…Although ITS information has been previously used to complement the morphological and phenotypic characteristics in the identification of B. cinerea isolates, it is not sufficient for resolving the taxonomy of the genus in relation to B. cinerea isolates (Staats et al, 2005;Walker et al, 2011). Multigene combined phylogenetic identification has been conducted for the genus Botrytis in numerous studies (Ferrada et al, 2016;Pei et al, 2019;Zhang et al, 2018). Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of three nuclear gene (RPB2, HSP60 and G3PDH) fragments were conducted on 22 recognized species and one hybrid (Staats et al, 2005), and the use of a combination of these sequences for the classification and identification of Botrytis species was recommended.…”

“…Boty-only, Flipper-only and vacuma (neither TE). The genotypes and their proportions vary in different populations (Ferrada et al, 2016;Giraud et al, 1997;Zhang et al, 2018).…”

DNA sequencing, genomes and genetic markers of microbes on fruits and vegetables

“…The RAPD and HRM methods have been used to identify B. cinerea (Thompson and Latorre, 1999). The genetic markers used for B. cinerea include the ITS (Reich et al , 2016), the necrosis and ethylene‐inducing protein gene (Munoz et al , 2016), the Bc‐hch locus (Zhang et al , 2018), G3PDH , HSP60 and RPB2 (Zhou et al , 2014), the necrosis and ethylene‐inducing protein 1 gene (Fan et al , 2015), the species‐specific sequence‐characterized amplified region ( SCAR ) marker (Suarez et al , 2005) and the intergenic spacer ( IGS ) region (Diguta et al , 2010).…”

Colonization of red raspberry flowers and fruit by Botrytis cinerea under commercial production conditions in northwestern Washington, USA

“…Therefore, detection of high levels of genotypic diversity in this study was not surprising. Among other studies, high genotypic diversity was observed in B. cinerea populations from grape vineyards in China (Zhang et al, 2018), grapevines and brambles in…”