Characterization of Colletotrichum Isolates from Tamarillo, Passiflora, and Mango in Colombia and Identification of a Unique Species from the Genus

Abstract

This study was conducted to identify the species of Colletotrichum infecting tamarillo, mango, and passiflora in Colombia and to assess whether cross-infection between host species is occurring. Isolates of Colletotrichum spp. from tamarillo (n = 54), passiflora (n = 26), and mango (n = 15) were characterized by various molecular methods and by morphological criteria. Morphological characterization grouped the tamarillo isolates as C. acutatum and the passiflora and mango isolates as C. gloeosporioides. Species-specific primer analysis was reliable and confirmed grouping of the tamarillo isolates (besides Tom-6) as C. acutatum and the mango isolates (besides Man-76) as C. gloeosporioides. However, DNA of the passiflora isolates was not amplified by either C. acutatum- or C. gloeosporioides-specific primers, but reacted with a new primer, Col1, designed according to the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) 1 region of these isolates. Isolates Tom-6 and Man-76 also reacted positively with the Col1 primer. All the isolates reacting with the C. acutatum- and C. gloeosporioides-specific primers failed to react with primer Col1. Isolate Pass-35 from passiflora did not react with any of the taxon-specific primers. Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (ap-PCR), random amplified polymerase DNA (RAPD)-PCR, and A+T-rich DNA analyses delineated representative isolates into subgroups within the designated species. Molecular analyses indicated that the C. acutatum tamarillo isolates were uniform or clonal, whereas the C. gloeosporioides mango isolates and Colletotrichum passiflora isolates were heterogeneous. Likewise, sequence analysis of the complete ITS (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) region identified certain isolates to their respective species: tamarillo isolates as C. acutatum; mango isolates as C. gloeosporioides; passiflora, Tom-6, and Man-76 isolates as a Colletotrichum sp. as yet undefined; and the Pass-35 isolate as an additional undefined Colletot-richum sp. Molecular analyses of the population of Colletotrichum isolates from passiflora, Tom-6 from tamarillo, and Man-76 from mango indicate that this population may not be host specific.

Thymol and carvacrol: biotransformation and antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum acutatum and Botryodiplodia theobromae

“…Stem-end rot (Botryodiplodia theobromae) and anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum) are two serious diseases that contribute significantly to harvest and postharvest loss of tamarillo, avocado, mango, papaya, and citrus in Colombia (Afanador-Kafuri et al, 2003;Martínez et al, 2009). The use of synthetic chemicals as fungicides is the primary method of control of postharvest fungal decay caused by both diseases.…”

Caracterização da agressividade de isolados de Colletotrichum de maracujá amarelo com marcadores bioquímico, fisiológico e molecular

“…Para identificação taxonômica dos isolados de Colletotrichum utilizou-se o primer ITS4 (TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC) combinado com um dos primers específicos para C. acutatum isolado de morango (CaInt2-GGGGAAGCCTCTCGCGG) (Sreenivasaprasad et al, 1996), para C. gloeosporioides isolado de hospedeiros não descritos (CgInt-GGCCTCCCGCCTCCGGGCGG) (Mills et al, 1992) ou para Colletotrichum isolado de uma população de Passiflora (Col1-GCCGTCCCCTGAAAAG) (Afanador-Kafuri et al, 2003). Os primers CaInt2, CgInt e Col1 fazem parte da região ITS1 do rDNA.…”

“…Métodos tradicionais como forma e dimensões dos conídios, coloração das colônias e taxa de crescimento micelial, apesar de amplamente utilizados, não são suficientes para diferenciação dos isolados de Colletotrichum por causa da alta variabilidade do patógeno (Afanador-Kafuri et al, 2003;Freeman et al, 1998). Por outro lado, primers de PCR (polymerase chain reaction) da região ITS1 vêm sendo utilizados como marcadores confiáveis para identificação de C. gloeosporioides e C. acutatum, isolados de vários hospedeiros, sem ter sido dada importância aos hospedeiros dos quais foram isoladas as espécies de Colletotrichum que deram origem aos referidos primers (Afanador-Kafuri et al, 2003;Freeman et al, 1998).…”

“…Por outro lado, primers de PCR (polymerase chain reaction) da região ITS1 vêm sendo utilizados como marcadores confiáveis para identificação de C. gloeosporioides e C. acutatum, isolados de vários hospedeiros, sem ter sido dada importância aos hospedeiros dos quais foram isoladas as espécies de Colletotrichum que deram origem aos referidos primers (Afanador-Kafuri et al, 2003;Freeman et al, 1998).…”

Características morfo-culturais e moleculares de isolados de Colletotrichum guaranicola Albuq. procedentes do Estado do Amazonas

“…Esses primers/iniciadores têm sido utilizados para a confirmação da identidade de isolados patogênicos a diversas hospedeiras (ADASKAVEG; HARTIN, 1997;FREEMAN et al, 1998;PERES et al, 2002;AFANADOR-KAFURI et. al., 2003).…”