Characterization of <i>Erwinia</i> sp. causing black rot of papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i>) first recorded in Okinawa Main Island, Japan

Hanagasaki, Takashi; Yamashiro, Maki; Gima, Kozo; Takushi, Tetsuya

doi:10.1111/ppa.13334

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Recently, E. mallotivora was reported to be affecting papaya in the Philippines and Indonesia, making this species a pathogen of concern that could affect the papaya industry in the entire Southeast Asia region [ 7 , 12 ]. A similar disease termed as papaya black rot has been recently detected in Japan and the pathogen was characterised to be from the genus Erwinia [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) Isolates Exhibiting Antagonistic Activity against the Papaya Dieback Pathogen, Erwinia mallotivora

Tamizi

Amin

Weaver

et al. 2022

JoF

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Erwinia mallotivora, the causal agent of papaya dieback disease, is a devastating pathogen that has caused a tremendous decrease in Malaysian papaya export and affected papaya crops in neighbouring countries. A few studies on bacterial species capable of suppressing E. mallotivora have been reported, but the availability of antagonistic fungi remains unknown. In this study, mycelial suspensions from five rhizospheric Trichoderma isolates of Malaysian origin were found to exhibit notable antagonisms against E. mallotivora during co-cultivation. We further characterised three isolates, Trichoderma koningiopsis UKM-M-UW RA5, UKM-M-UW RA6, and UKM-M-UW RA3a, that showed significant growth inhibition zones on plate-based inhibition assays. A study of the genomes of the three strains through a combination of Oxford nanopore and Illumina sequencing technologies highlighted potential secondary metabolite pathways that might underpin their antimicrobial properties. Based on these findings, the fungal isolates are proven to be useful as potential biological control agents against E. mallotivora, and the genomic data opens possibilities to further explore the underlying molecular mechanisms behind their antimicrobial activity, with potential synthetic biology applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) Isolates Exhibiting Antagonistic Activity against the Papaya Dieback Pathogen, Erwinia mallotivora

Tamizi

Amin

Weaver

et al. 2022

JoF

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“…In Asia, a bacterium identi ed as Erwinia papayae was reported to cause 'papaya dieback' disease in Malaysia (Maktar et al, 2008). The 'crown rot' disease that was recently observed in the Philippines (dela Cueva et al, 2017) and 'black rot' disease in Japan (Hanagasaki et al, 2021) were both reported to be caused by Erwinia mallotivora. Interestingly, the 'crown rot' disease of papaya in the Republic of Tonga in Africa was reported to be caused also by E. mallotivora (Fullerton et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of native endophytic bacteria on the growth and bacterial crown rot tolerance of papaya (Carica papaya)

et al. 2021

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The native plant microbiome is composed of diverse communities that in uence its overall health, with some species known to promote plant growth and pathogen resistance. Here, we show the antibacterial and growth promoting activities of autoclaved culture metabolites (ACMs) from native endophytic bacteria (NEB) in a papaya cultivar that is tolerant to bacterial crown rot (BCR) caused by Erwinia mallotivora . Initially, bacterial colonization in recovering tissues of this cultivar was observed before onset of tissue regeneration or 'regrowth'. We further isolated and characterized these bacteria and were able to identify two culturable stem NEB under genera Kosakonia (EBW), related to Enterobacter , and Sphingomonas (EBY). We also identi ed root NEB (BN, BS and BT) under genus Bacillus . Inhibition assays indicated that ACMs from these NEB promptly (18-30h) and e ciently inhibited (60-65%) E. mallotivora proliferation in vitro. Interestingly, when ACMs from BN and EBW were inoculated in surfacesterilized papaya seeds, germination was variably retarded (20-60% reduction) depending on plant genotype, but plant biomass accumulation was signi cantly stimulated, at around two-fold increase. Moreover, greenhouse experiments show that ACMs from all isolates, especially EBW, signi cantly reduced BCR incidence and severity in susceptible genotype, at around two-fold. In general, our observations of pathogen antagonism, plant growth promotion leading to disease reduction by ACMs of native endophytic bacteria suggested its contribution to increased tness of papaya and tolerance against the (re)emerging BCR disease.

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“…In Asia, a bacterium identified as Erwinia papayae was reported to cause 'papaya dieback' disease in Malaysia (Maktar et al, 2008). The 'crown rot' disease that was recently observed in the Philippines (dela Cueva et al, 2017) and 'black rot' disease in Japan (Hanagasaki et al, 2020) were both reported to be caused by Erwinia mallotivora. Interestingly, the 'crown rot' disease of papaya in the Republic of Tonga in Africa was reported to be caused also by E. mallotivora (Fullerton et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of native endophytic bacteria on the growth and bacterial crown rot tolerance of papaya (Carica papaya)

Rivarez

Parac

Dimasingkil

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Bacterial crown rot (BCR) is a re-emerging disease of papaya (Carica papaya) in Southeast 26 Asia caused by a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacterium, known as Erwinia 27 mallotivora. Ultrastructural observations using SEM revealed colonization of bacterial 28 community common in a BCR-tolerant genotype, before onset of tisue regeneration or 29 'regrowth'. This observation led to the hypothesis that papaya-associated bacteria might play a 30 role in BCR tolerance. Isolation, characterization and identification using 16S rRNA sequence 31 of bacteria associated with the tolerant 'regrowth' genotype resulted to the discovery of two 32 endophytic bacteria, of genera Kosakonia (isolate EBW) and Sphingomonas (isolate EBY). 33Papaya root-associated Bacillus isolates were also identified to belong to the B. 34 amyloliqufaciens clade (isolate BN, BS) and B. thuringiensis clade (isolate BT). Separate 35 inhibition assays indicated that, papaya latex and autoclaved culture metabolites (ACMs) from 36 isolated bacteria promptly (between 18-30h) and efficiently inhibited (60-65%) E. mallotivora 37 proliferation in vitro. Moreover, when ACMs from BN and EBW were inoculated in surface-38 sterilized papaya seeds, it variably retarded seed germination (20-60% reduction), depending 39 on plant genotype, but significantly stimulated plant growth and biomass accumulation, at 40 around two-fold increase. Interestingly, ACMs from all isolates, especially EBW, significantly 41 reduced BCR incidence and severity in susceptible genotype at around two-fold. Finally, these 42 results indicated that tolerance of papaya against E. mallotivora infection is probably 43 influenced by host innate properties such as tissue regrowth and pathogen inhibition by plant 44 latex, and acquired properties including pathogen antagonism, growth promotion and defense 45 biopriming through metabolites from beneficial endophytic and root-assocaited bacteria. 47Keywords: bacterial crown rot, defense biopriming, Bacillus, endophytic bacteria 48 49 82 perhaps a mechanism for resistance or tolerance (Magdalita et al., 2016). Breeding for 83 resistance and development of management strategies against the bacterial crown rot disease 84 are already in its early stages in the Philippines. Regrowth hybrid lines with good marketable 85 qualities and with resistance to papaya ringspot disease are currently under preliminary field 86 trials and back-cross F3 progenies are now in the pipeline (Magdalita et al., 2015). 88However, there are no reports yet regarding the events in pathogenesis up to the recovery of 89 papaya from the crown rot disease. Regrowth tissue examination was done initially in this study 90 to gain insight to probable role of beneficial microbes in disease tolerance. This was followed 91 by antimicrobial assays using papaya latex, culture metabolites from bacterial endophytes and 92 root-associated microbes and priming for disease resistance. Antimicrobial activity and 93 defence biopriming of beneficial microbes were thought to be acquired m...

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Characterization of Erwinia sp. causing black rot of papaya (Carica papaya) first recorded in Okinawa Main Island, Japan

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) Isolates Exhibiting Antagonistic Activity against the Papaya Dieback Pathogen, Erwinia mallotivora

Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Trichoderma (Hypocreaceae) Isolates Exhibiting Antagonistic Activity against the Papaya Dieback Pathogen, Erwinia mallotivora

Influence of native endophytic bacteria on the growth and bacterial crown rot tolerance of papaya (Carica papaya)

Influence of native endophytic bacteria on the growth and bacterial crown rot tolerance of papaya (Carica papaya)

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