Characterization of IgE-mediated cutaneous immediate and late-phase reactions in nonallergic horses

Woodward, Michelle; Andrews, Frank M.; Kearney, Michael T.; Piero, Fábio Del; Hammerberg, Bruce; Pucheu‐Haston, Cherie M.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.75.7.633

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…It is a type I hypersensitivity reaction to proteins in the saliva of Culicoides spp. (McKelvie et al ; van der Haegen et al ; Schaffartzik et al ; Wilson ; Woodward et al ). The disease occurs globally, variably referred to as sweet itch, Queensland itch and kasen.…”

Section: Allergic Skin Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophils of the horse: Part II: Eosinophils in clinical diseases

Brosnahan

2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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Interpretation of eosinophilia in body fluids or tissues is often not straightforward. Eosinophil counts vary among clinically healthy individuals, and considerable overlap can occur between normal and affected animals in conditions such as allergic airway disease. Parasite exposure is a confounding factor when counts are increased, and in cases where very high counts and dramatic clinical signs make another disease process obvious, the underlying pathology may be uncertain and treatment difficult. Eosinophils are a component of the immune response in many diseases of the horse, but their specific role is often unknown and likely multifactorial. In helminth infections, eosinophils are assumed to be part of the normal host response to a pathogen, whereas in multisystemic eosinophilic epitheliotropic disease (MEED), the predominance of eosinophils likely represents a wildly dysregulated response, or an abnormal response altogether. This distinction is still not clear for other diseases. Understanding the pathways involved in recruitment, activation or suppression of eosinophils is required for more accurate diagnostics, effective therapeutics, and successful strategies for prevention of eosinophil associated diseases. Eosinophils of the horse: Part II reviews published observations on the eosinophil in clinical diseases of the horse. The behaviour of eosinophils in three common and relatively wellstudied conditions is presented first, including gastrointestinal helminth infections, non-infectious respiratory disease, and insect bite hypersensitivity. The less common eosinophilassociated diseases such as eosinophilic disease confined to the intestine (EDCI) and MEED are considered, followed by a brief summary of the eosinophil in phycomycosis and neoplasia. In conclusion, a panoramic view of the equine eosinophil as presented in Parts I and II is placed in the larger context of current eosinophil research, and areas of study are identified that may improve our understanding of eosinophil biology in equine health and clinical disease. Gastrointestinal parasites of the horse Gastrointestinal helminths are a widespread and well-studied problem in the horse. Clinical disease is associated historically with migratory large strongyles (Strongylus vulgaris, S. edentatus, S. equinus), small strongyles (cyathostomes), tapeworms (Anoplocephala perfoliata) and, in foals, ascarids (Parascarus equorum). Early studies sought to define parasite life cycles, but post-infection necropsies also described the eosinophilic response (Duncan and Pirie 1975). Host immunity and anthelmintics were the focus of later works (Bailey et al. 1989; Steuer et al. 2018). Variables exist across studies, including dosing variations, natural versus experimental

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Section: Allergic Skin Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophils of the horse: Part II: Eosinophils in clinical diseases

Brosnahan

2020

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Indeed, the role of mast cells has been tremendously revised in recent years, and still represents an important immunopharmacological target, which deserves our interest in the context not only of allergic but potentially also of infectious diseases . Thus, the pioneering work of Thierry Olivry and his team in exploring the mechanisms underlying the allergic reaction induced by allergen challenge in the skin of dogs (or cats) remains of importance because of the significant similarities between animals and humans with regard to allergic reactions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Insights into immunoglobulin E‐mediated late‐phase reactions in dogs

Bieber

2014

Veterinary Dermatology

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Phenotypic Shift of an Inflammatory Eosinophil Subset into a Steady-State Resident Phenotype after 2 Years of Vaccination against IL-5 in Equine Insect Bite Hypersensitivity

Schwarz,

Jebbawi,

Keller

et al. 2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Eosinophils play a key role in allergic diseases such as insect bite hypersensitivity (IBH). Together with Th2 cells, they shape the course of inflammation in associated type I/IVb allergies. Therefore, a virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccine targeting equine interleukin-5 (eIL-5), eIL-5-CuMV-TT, was developed to interfere with the IL-5 dependency of eosinophils by inducing the production of anti-self-IL-5 antibodies and alleviating clinical signs in IBH-affected horses. A previous study highlighted the presence of two eosinophil subsets, steady-state resident eosinophils (rEos) and inflammatory eosinophils (iEos), circulating in the blood of healthy and IBH-affected horses, distinguishable by the expression of integrin CD49f. Furthermore, eIL-5-CuMV-TT 1st year vaccination showed a significant decrease of total eosinophils and, in particular, iEos. Nevertheless, the very few remaining eosinophils still shared an iEos phenotype, reflected by bigger size and higher granularity. The aim of this study was to follow up on the phenotype of eosinophils in the 2nd year of vaccination of IBH-affected horses with eIL-5-CuMV-TT. Using flow cytometry analysis of the blood of healthy, IBH, IBH-placebo, and IBH-vaccinated horses, the percentage and count of cells were compared between groups with a focus on pair analysis of eosinophils in 1st and 2nd year vaccinated horses. Our data showed comparably low levels of iEos and a significant increase of rEos in 2nd year compared to 1st year vaccinated horses, suggesting a phenotypic shift toward a resident-like eosinophil population, primarily associated with the phenotype of healthy horses. The reduction of size, granularity, and expression of integrin CD49f in the 2nd year suggests a benefit of long-term treatment with the eIL-5-CuMV-TT vaccine.

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Characterization of IgE-mediated cutaneous immediate and late-phase reactions in nonallergic horses

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Eosinophils of the horse: Part II: Eosinophils in clinical diseases

Eosinophils of the horse: Part II: Eosinophils in clinical diseases

Insights into immunoglobulin E‐mediated late‐phase reactions in dogs

Phenotypic Shift of an Inflammatory Eosinophil Subset into a Steady-State Resident Phenotype after 2 Years of Vaccination against IL-5 in Equine Insect Bite Hypersensitivity

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