Characterization of In-Use Light-Duty Gasoline Vehicle Emissions by Remote Sensing in Beijing: Impact of Recent Control Measures

Abstract

China's national government and Beijing city authorities have adopted additional control measures to reduce the negative impact of vehicle emissions on Beijing's air quality. An evaluation of the effectiveness of these measures may provide guidance for future vehicle emission control strategy development. In-use emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGVs) were investigated at five sites in Beijing with remote sensing instrumentation. Distancebased mass emission factors were derived with fuel consumption modeled on real world data. The results show that the recently implemented aggressive control strategies are significantly reducing the emissions of on-road vehicles. Older vehicles are contributing substantially to the total fleet emissions. An earlier program to retrofit pre-Euro cars with three-way catalysts produced little emission reduction. The impact of model year and driving conditions on the average mass emission factors indicates that the durability of vehicles emission controls may be inadequate in Beijing.

Developing a High-Resolution Vehicular Emission Inventory by Integrating an Emission Model and a Traffic Model: Part 2—A Case Study in Beijing

“…The detailed information about these RS data could be found in the authors' previously published paper. 16 Figure 3a-3c shows that SVEM modeled results are comparable to the RS data. The differences between SVEM modeled data and RS data are mainly attributed to the data source.…”

In-use vehicle emissions in China: Beijing study

“…35 Over the past ten years, the Beijing municipal government has ordered the scrapping of most carbureted vehicles, and it intended to phase out all carbureted vehicles in the coming year. 36 However, our own emissions testing and other people's studies (Zhou, Fu, & Cheng 2007) all indicate that the retrofitting program was not very effective.…”

“…In the early 2000s, about 22,000 taxis were retrofitted to run on both Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) and gasoline. The effort was also proven to be ineffective since the retrofitted taxis ended up running on gasoline only because LPG delivered less power and did not render better environmental performance (Hao, Hu & Fu 2006;Zhou, Fu, & Cheng 2007). Recently, the city has focused on old diesel vehicles for retrofitting.…”

Evaluating the emission status of light-duty gasoline vehicles and motorcycles in Macao with real-world remote sensing measurement

“…Mass emission factors, which are more informative than emission concentrations, are derived from the volume-based concentrations measured by remote sensing. Remote sensing has also been used for reporting the general emission status of in-use fleets in typical cities, such as Beijing (Zhou et al, 2007) and Hangzhou (Guo et al, 2007a).…”